Based on a 360 000 t/a green methanol process model,the energy consumption,economy and carbon dioxide emission of coal to methanol (CTM),biomass to green methanol (BTM) and CO2 direct hydrogenation to green methanol (CHTM) processes are analyzed.It is found that the unit energy consumption of BTM is 10% and 14.8% less than those of CTM and CHTM,respectively,and the unit cost of BTM is 26.9% less than that of CHTM.Both BTM and CHTM show near-zero carbon dioxide emission,with their full life-cycle carbon dioxide emission are 0.142 tons and 0.167 tons per ton of methanol,respectively,much lower than the 3.84 tons of CTM.
甲醇作为重要的基本有机原料之一,广泛应用于工业、农业、制造业和精细产品加工等各个领域[1]。我国主要采用煤制甲醇(coal to methanol,CTM)生产工艺[2],伴随着大量的温室气体排放,亟需开发低碳替代路径。根据国际可再生能源署(IRENA)建议[3],绿色甲醇作为替代方案之一,其原料全部来源于可再生资源,主要包括生物质制甲醇(biomass to methanol,BTM)路线和CO2加氢制甲醇(CO2 to methanol,CHTM)路线。
相比之下,BTM工艺的单位甲醇碳排放量为0.142 t/t,具有一定的近零碳排放特征。在原料获取阶段,碳来源于光合作用从大气中吸收的二氧化碳。由于BTM需要80%的CO来进行水煤气变换,产生的CO2比CTM多排放了15 t CO2,因此BTM生产过程中的碳排放最高。综合来看,由于BTM吸收的CO2与释放的CO2基本上相抵,因此能够实现近零碳排放。
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