采用实验室自制的天冬氨酸硫酸盐离子液体[Asp]HSO₄催化月桂酸和硬脂酸酯化制备相应脂肪酸甲酯。考察了反应时间、反应温度、甲醇与原料物质的量之比以及[Asp]HSO₄用量对脂肪酸甲酯的影响。结果表明，以月桂酸为原料，在反应时间为24 h、反应温度为65℃、n（甲醇）：n（月桂酸）为3：1以及[Asp]HSO₄质量分数为5%时具有较为优良的催化效果，催化效率可达到91.09%；以硬脂酸为原料时，最佳反应条件为反应时间为15 h、反应温度为55℃、n（甲醇）：n（硬脂酸）为5：1以及Asp］HSO₄质量分数为5%，催化效率可达到93.16%。该催化剂重复使用4次，催化效率仍然可达到90%以上，具有很好的重复使用性能。

Methyl ester of fatty acids are prepared via catalytic esterification of lauric acid and stearic acid over L-aspartic acid sulfate ionic liquid [Asp]HSO₄ made in the laboratory.The effects of reaction time,reaction temperature,the ratios of methanol to lauric acid and stearic acid,and the addition amount of [Asp]HSO₄ on the catalytic preparation are investigated.It is found that an excellent catalytic effect can be realized with a catalytic efficiency of 91.09% when lauric acid is used as raw materials,reaction lasts for 24 h,reaction temperature remains at 65℃,n(methanol):n(lauric acid) is 3:1,and [Asp]HSO₄ dosage is 5%.The catalytic efficiency can reach 93.16% when stearic acid is used as raw material,reaction lasts for 15 h,reaction temperature maintains at 55℃,n(methanol):n(stearic acid) is 5:1,and [Asp]HSO₄ dosage is 5%.The catalytic efficiency can still exceed 90% after the catalyst is reused for 4 times.

汪文伟(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为生物质能与环境工程,879823476@qq.com