To achieve efficient adsorption and isotope separation of lithium ions (Li+),this study prepared uniform-sized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres by dispersion polymerization.Crown ether-functionalized microspheres with high modification amount were obtained through the ring-opening reaction between the epoxy groups and 4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5-ether (AB15C5).The Li+ adsorption performance of the microspheres in acetonitrile and acetone was significantly better than that in H2O and ethanol.The microspheres reached adsorption equilibrium in acetonitrile within 3 h,with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.3 mg/g.Their adsorption capacities for LiCl,LiBr and LiI in acetone are all higher than 9 mg/g,and the adsorption capacity of microspheres decreased with increasing temperature.The microspheres can be regenerated by desorption with hydrochloric acid,demonstrating favorable reusability.Lithium isotope separation results indicated that the microspheres have better separation effect in the ethanol system and nitrate systems,with a maximum separation factor of 1.03.This study provides a simple and feasible novel strategy for efficient lithium adsorption and isotope separation.
采用分散聚合法制备PGMA微球[22]。将10 g GMA、3 g PVP-K30、80 g无水乙醇、10 g H2O和一定量的引发剂AIBN加入250 mL圆底烧瓶中,搅拌混匀至完全溶解,通氮气15 min以除去体系内溶解氧,随后安装冷凝管,将烧瓶置于75℃油浴中加热聚合反应12 h。反应结束后,所得混悬液依次用纯水和乙醇离心清洗各3次,然后常温干燥10 h得到PGMA微球产物。
1.2.2 AB15C5制备
4'-氨基苯并-15-冠-5-醚(AB15C5)由NB15C5经还原反应得到[23]。称取1 g NB15C5和0.15 g Pd/C置于250 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入100 mL无水乙醇,超声混合后通氮气15 min除氧,然后用橡胶塞密封。常温搅拌下,用注射器缓慢滴加 15 mL水合肼(10 min内滴加完毕)。混合均匀后,将烧瓶置于油浴中,在冷凝管回流冷却下,将油浴缓慢升温至80℃,加热反应4 h完成硝基还原。
SunZ X, LiZ W, XieZ W, et al. A potential DES-driven membrane applied in electrodialysis coupled extraction for the ultra-high separation of7Li isotopes[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 386:136545.
[3]
HeP B, XieQ H, WangJ Y, et al. Progress and perspectives of lithium isotope separation[J]. ChemPhysChem, 2025, 26(9):e202400999.
[4]
FujieM, FujiiY, NomuraM, et al. Isotope effects in electrolytic formation of lithium amalgam[J]. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 1986, 23(4):330-337.
MuraliA, ZhangZ L, FreeM L, et al. A comprehensive review of selected major categories of lithium isotope separation techniques[J]. Physica Status Solidi A-Applications and Materials Science, 2021, 218(19):2100340.
[7]
BadeaS L, NiculescuV C, IordacheA M. New trends in separation techniques of lithium isotopes:a review of chemical separation methods[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(10):3817.
[8]
BalzJ G, BernheimR A, GoldL P. Laser separation of lithium isotopes by double-resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of Li-2[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1987, 86(1):6-8.
[9]
ZhangZ L, MuraliA, SarswatP K, et al. High-efficiency lithium isotope separation in an electrochemical system with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide,and diethyl carbonate as the solvents[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 253:117539.
[10]
DuanC, SunS J, WangH Y, et al. Extractive separations of lithium isotopes with benzo-15-crown-5 and ionic liquids:A comparative study between stirred vessels and small channel contactors[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 362(1):131525.
[11]
NishizawaK, TakanoT, IkedaI, et al. Extractive separation of lithium isotopes by crown ethers[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1988, 23(4/5):333-345.
[12]
SunH X, JiaY Z, LiuB, et al. Separation of lithium isotopes by using solvent extraction system of crown ether-ionic liquid[J]. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2019, 149:111338.
[13]
SunX Y, XuS Q, JinY L, et al. Aminobenzo-15-crown-5-grafted polyimide fibers for high-efficient and selective recovery of lithium from recycled Li-ion batteries[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 363(1):131991.
[14]
MuzammilE M, KhanA, StuparuM C. Post-polymerization modification reactions of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s[J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(88):55874-55884.
ZhongS C, WangY, LanJ H, et al. Radiation-assisted synthesis of crown ether-modified covalent organic frameworks for lithium isotope separation[J]. CCS Chemistry, 2024, 6(10):2594-2606.
[17]
WangP, DaiJ D, MaY, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of aminoethyl benzo-12-crown-4 functionalized polymer brushes adsorbents formed by surface-initiated ATRP based on macroporous polyHIPEs and postsynthetic modification[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 380:122495.
[18]
WangW Q, JulaitiP, YeG, et al. Controlled architecture of macrocyclic ligand functionalized polymer brushes from glass fibers using surface-initiated ICAR ATRP technique for adsorptive separation of lithium isotopes[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 336:669-678.
[19]
HuangW, LiuS C, LiuJ X, et al. 2-Methylol-12-crown-4 ether immobilized polyHIPEs toward recovery of lithium(I)[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42(20):16814-16822.
[20]
YanF, LiuH, PeiH C, et al. Polyvinyl alcohol-graft-benzo-15-crown-5 ether for lithium isotopes separation by liquid-solid extraction[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2017, 311(3):2061-2068.
[21]
YanF, PeiH C, PeiY C, et al. Preparation and characterization of polysulfone-graft-4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5-ether for lithium isotope separation[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(13):3473-3479.
[22]
SunX T, YangL R, XingH F, et al. Synthesis of polyethylenimine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) magnetic microspheres and their excellent Cr(Ⅵ) ion removal properties[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 234:338-345.
[23]
JiangC, BaiS B, LiJ W, et al. Crown ether-functionalized nanofiltration membranes with high ions selectivity for Li+/Mg2+ separation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2025, 714:123372.
[24]
PeiH C, YanF, LiuH, et al. The selective complexation of crown ethers for lithium isotope separation:a critical review[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 341:126857.
[25]
BodaA, AliS M, RaoH, et al.Ab initio and density functional theoretical design and screening of model crown ether based ligand (host) for extraction of lithium metal ion (guest):effect of donor and electronic induction[J]. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2012, 18(8):3507-3522.