In this study,a novel adsorbent was successfully prepared from coal gangue via a combined mechanochemical mixing and calcination process for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.The effects of potassium dihydrogen phosphate dosage,calcination temperature,and calcination time on the structure and properties of the adsorbent were systematically investigated.Furthermore,adsorption process parameters,including adsorbent dosage,initial heavy metal concentration,and solution pH,were optimized.The results indicate that under the optimal conditions—a 2∶1 mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to coal gangue,a calcination temperature of 300℃,and a calcination time of 2 h—the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Pb2+ in water reached 441 mg/g.Notably,the adsorption performance remained unaffected across a pH range of 2 to 7.Additionally,the material exhibited exceptionally rapid adsorption kinetics,achieving 90% of its maximum adsorption capacity within 5 minutes of the reaction.Supported by characterization results,it was confirmed that the highly efficient decontamination mechanism of this novel adsorbent is primarily attributed to a significant charge neutralization effect.
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