生物质发酵工艺的发展与优化综述
A review on the development and optimization of biomass fermentation processes
基于近年来关于生物质发酵产品的科研成果,系统综述了利用生物质发酵制备乙醇、有机酸、抗生素及其废渣资源化利用的研究进展与工艺优化策略。研究聚焦于从水果、粮食作物、纤维素、海产品、生活废弃物等生物质发酵中筛选优良菌种,通过特性菌种、单菌种及混菌发酵提升产物的高效稳定生产。通过对发酵工艺中的温度、糖度、pH等参数优化总结探究其定向调控意义,发酵过程中目标产物积累与有机物质转化的规律为品质提升提供了理论依据。废渣资源化方面,发酵产生的酒糟、菌渣等富含粗蛋白和有机质,综述其后期物理压榨、烘干或高温好氧堆肥等过程,实现废渣的减量化与资源化。发酵工艺的持续优化与废渣资源化利用协同推进,不仅提高发酵产物的生产效率与品质,并且为构建绿色、低碳、循环的生物制造体系提供了重要的理论支撑与实践路径。
Based on the recent research achievements in biomass fermentation products,this paper systematically reviews the research progress and process optimization strategies for the production of ethanol,organic acids,antibiotics,and the resource utilization of waste from biomass fermentation.The research focuses on screening excellent strains from biomass fermentation sources such as fruits,cereal crops,cellulose,seafood,and household waste,and enhancing the efficient and stable production of products through characteristic strains,single strains,and mixed fermentation.The optimization of parameters such as temperature,sugar content,and pH in the fermentation process is summarized to explore their directional regulatory significance.The accumulation of target products and the transformation of organic substances during the fermentation process provide a theoretical basis for quality improvement.In terms of waste resource utilization,the fermentation byproducts such as distillers’ grains and microbial residues are rich in crude protein and organic matter.The subsequent processes such as physical pressing,drying,or high-temperature aerobic composting are summarized to achieve the reduction and resource utilization of waste.The continuous optimization of the fermentation process and the utilization of waste resources promote both the production efficiency and quality of fermentation products,and provide important theoretical support and practical paths for the construction of a green,low-carbon,and circular biotechnology manufacturing system.
biomass / fermentation / process / product / waste residue resource utilization
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新疆理工学院大学生创新创业项目(XJ202513558037)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2025D01C91)
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