To address the challenges of non-uniform reactant distribution and water flooding in uniform metal foam flow fields (MF-FFs),this study partitions the MF-FF into regional pore distributions using an oxygen concentration of 2.5 mol/m3 and liquid water saturation of 0.05 as thresholds to investigate PEMFC performance and water-gas management.Furthermore,a cathode pore-size gradient optimization design is proposed and verified via a genetic algorithm (GA).Results indicate that the positive gradient design significantly improves reactant distribution.It optimizes water management through a permeability gradient while enhancing vertical oxygen penetration and reaction rates by maintaining high pore density in the inlet region.Compared to uniform metal foams,the optimal gradient configuration (115-90-60 PPI) achieves a 7.2% increase in power density at 0.5 V.Specifically,the uniformity of oxygen and liquid water distribution is improved by 33.2% and 46.2%,respectively,thereby enhancing the operational stability of the PEMFC under high-load conditions.
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