CCUS中CO2捕集技术谱系与场景适配性研究
Analysis of CO2 capture technology spectrum and scenario applicability in CCUS
CCUS技术是实现碳中和的关键路径,而CO2捕集环节的高能耗与高成本是制约其规模化应用的主要瓶颈。通过分析各类主流技术路径,表明了燃烧后化学吸收法技术成熟但再生能耗高;富氧燃烧与化学链燃烧潜力显著,尚处于示范阶段;直接空气捕集可实现负排放,但成本高昂;在分离工艺上,吸收法面临能耗与腐蚀问题;吸附与膜分离法能耗较低但受限于材料性能;低温分离能获得高纯CO2,但能效偏低。CO2捕集技术发展需并行推进现有技术的迭代优化与前沿变革性技术的探索,通过材料创新与系统集成,推动其向高效、经济、环保方向演进,为实现碳中和提供关键技术支撑。
Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a critical technology for achieving carbon neutrality,yet the high energy consumption and cost of CO2 capture remain major bottlenecks to its large-scale deployment.This study systematically assesses mainstream capture pathways.Findings reveal that post-combustion chemical absorption is mature but energy-intensive;oxy-fuel and chemical looping show promise but remain at demonstration phase;direct air capture enables negative emissions at high cost.Among separation techniques,absorption faces energy and corrosion challenges;adsorption and membrane separation offer better efficiency but are limited by material properties;cryogenic separation delivers high-purity CO2 with low energy efficiency.The development of CO2 capture technology requires the parallel advancement of iterative optimization of existing technologies and the exploration of cutting-edge transformative technologies.Through material innovation and system integration,it is essential to drive its evolution toward high efficiency,economic feasibility,and environmental friendliness,thereby providing critical technological support for achieving carbon neutrality.
CCUS / CO2捕集 / 技术路径 / 分离工艺 / 应用场景
CCUS / CO2 capture / technological pathways / separation processes / application scenarios
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