甲醛羰基化制备乙醇酸的研究
Research on the preparation of glycolic acid via formaldehyde carbonylation
随着石油基塑料废弃物问题日益突出,开发可生物降解材料成为迫切需求。乙醇酸(GA)作为聚乙醇酸(PGA)单体,对其高效合成具有重要意义。以甲醛和一氧化碳为原料,围绕甲醛羰基化合成乙醇酸甲酯(MG)及MG水解制备GA两个关键步骤展开。在羰基化阶段,通过AlCl3改性Amberlyst-15催化剂,在0.1 mol/L负载浓度下使MG收率达到63.42%,但甲醛转化率未显著提高。水解阶段筛选发现Amberlyst系列树脂具有优异性能,其中Amberlyst 36催化下GA收率达92.6%。采用低成本强酸性阳离子树脂001*7进一步优化水解工艺,在酯水物质的量比1∶25、催化剂质量分数6.90%、85℃、7 h条件下,GA收率达86.8%,MG转化率为93.1%。研究表明,001*7树脂水解性能与Amberlyst系列相当且成本优势显著,为甲醛羰基化法制备乙醇酸的工业化提供了可行的技术参考。
With the increasing severity of petroleum-based plastic waste issues,the development of biodegradable materials has become an urgent need.Glycolic acid (GA),as the monomer of polyglycolic acid (PGA),is of great significance for its efficient synthesis.This study employed formaldehyde and carbon monoxide as raw materials,focusing on two key steps:the carbonylation of formaldehyde to synthesize methyl glycolate (MG) and the hydrolysis of MG to produce GA.In the carbonylation stage,using an AlCl3-modified Amberlyst-15 catalyst with a loading concentration of 0.1 mol/L,the yield of MG reached 63.42%;however,the conversion of formaldehyde was not significantly improved.In the hydrolysis stage,screening revealed that Amberlyst series resins exhibited excellent performance,with Amberlyst 36 achieving a GA yield of 92.6%.Further optimization of the hydrolysis process was conducted using the low-cost,strongly acidic cation exchange resin 001*7.Under the conditions of a molar ester-to-water ratio of 1∶25,catalyst mass fraction of 6.90%,temperature of 85℃,and reaction time of 7 hours,the GA yield reached 86.8% with an MG conversion of 93.1%.The study demonstrates that the hydrolysis performance of resin 001*7 is comparable to that of the Amberlyst series while offering significant cost advantages,providing a feasible technical reference for the industrialization of glycolic acid via the formaldehyde carbonylation route.
甲醛羰基化 / 乙醇酸甲酯 / 乙醇酸 / 催化剂 / 水解
formaldehyde carbonylation / methyl glycolate / glycolic acid / catalyst / hydrolysis
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