中美CCUS技术政策体系与工程化比较:差异化特征、驱动因素及政策启示
Comparative Analysis of China-U.S.CCUS Technology Policy Systems and Engineering Applications:Differentiated Features,Driving Factors, and Policy Implications
碳捕集、利用与封存技术(CCUS)作为实现深度脱碳的关键技术,在全球碳中和目标实现中具有重要战略地位。通过系统对比中美CCUS技术的政策体系、技术成熟度和工程化应用现状,深入分析两国在技术创新能力等方面的差异化特征及机理。研究发现:(1)美国构建了完善政策框架,中国建立了多元化支持体系,但税收激励政策相对分散。(2)美国在燃烧后捕集、直接空气捕集(DAC)等关键技术领域已达到TRL7-9水平;中国整体处于小试至工程化示范阶段(TRL4-7),在矿化封存、DAC等前沿技术领域略微落后,海洋封存领先;(3)技术差距的形成主要基础研究起步落后、专利壁垒等因素驱动。研究为我国在新一轮科技革命中抢占CCUS技术制高点、实现碳达峰碳中和目标提供决策参考。
Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage (CCUS) technology,as a critical approach to achieving deep decarbonization,holds significant strategic importance in the global pursuit of carbon neutrality goals.By systematically comparing the policy frameworks,technological maturity,and engineering application status of CCUS development in China and the United States,this study delves into the differentiated features and underlying mechanisms of their technological innovation capacities and policy support intensities.Key findings include:(1)In terms of policy frameworks,the United States has established a comprehensive policy system,while China has developed a diversified support framework led by the "1+N" policy system,though its tax incentive policies remain relatively dispersed.(2)Regarding technological maturity and engineering applications,the United States has achieved TRL7-9 levels in key areas such as post-combustion capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC),enabling commercial-scale applications,whereas China is generally at the pilot-to-engineering-demonstration stage (TRL4-7)—lagging slightly in frontier fields such as mineral sequestration and DAC,while taking a leading position in ocean sequestration.(3)Further analysis reveals that the technological gap is mainly driven by factors including delayed initiation of foundational research,patent barriers,and disparities in technology lifecycle stages.This study provides decision-making references for China to seize the technological high ground in CCUS during the new round of technological revolution and achieve its carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.
CCUS技术 / 中美对比 / 政策体系 / 技术成熟度 / 碳中和
CCUS technology / China-U.S.comparison / policy framework / technological maturity / carbon neutrality
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中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2024-JZ-19)
上海市软科学项目研究成果(24692122900)
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