多元金属氧化物及其复合材料用于污水除氟的研究进展
朱雅娴 , 陈志辉 , 徐浩元 , 杜玉洁 , 李知衡 , 方靖国 , 杨文澜
现代化工 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1) : 23 -28.
多元金属氧化物及其复合材料用于污水除氟的研究进展
Research advances in multi-metal oxides and their composites for wastewater defluoridation
系统综述了多元金属氧化物(Al、Fe、Zr及稀土金属等)及其复合材料在含氟废水处理中的研究进展,重点剖析其吸附特性、除氟机理及应用潜力。多元金属氧化物凭借高比表面积、丰富表面羟基及多金属协同效应,通过静电吸引、配体交换和配位络合等机制实现高效除氟。针对纳米金属氧化物易团聚、难回收的缺陷,通过将其负载于聚合物、碳基等载体材料上构建复合吸附材料,显著提升了材料的稳定性与固液分离效率。然而,多元金属氧化物及其复合材料仍面临构效关系不明确、制备工艺复杂及再生损耗等问题。未来研究需结合原位表征与理论计算揭示多金属协同机制,发展绿色规模化合成技术,并开发智能响应型材料以提升复杂水体中氟的吸附选择性与循环稳定性,实现高效除氟材料从实验室向工程应用的跨越。
This review critically examines recent advances in multi-metal oxides (Al,Fe,Zr,and rare earth elements) and their composites for fluoride remediation,with particular emphasis on their adsorption properties,fluoride removal mechanisms,and application potential.Multi-metal oxides effectively remove fluoride through mechanisms such as ligand exchange,electrostatic attraction,and coordination complexation,owing to their high surface area,abundant surface hydroxyl groups,and multi-metal synergistic effects.To address the aggregation and poor recyclability of nano-metal oxides,novel composites have been developed by loading them onto carrier materials like polymers and carbon-based substances,significantly enhancing material stability and solid-liquid separation efficiency.However,challenges remain,including unclear structure-activity relationships,complex preparation processes,and regeneration losses.Future research should combine in situ characterization with theoretical calculations to elucidate multi-metal synergistic mechanisms,develop green,scalable synthesis technologies,and design smart responsive materials to enhance selectivity and cyclic stability in complex water systems,bridging the gap between laboratory research and engineering applications.
multi-metal oxides / adsorption / fluoride / composites
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(52070160)
江苏省重点研发计划社会发展项目(BE2023751)
扬州大学高端人才支持计划
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