离子液改性多酸催化木质素降解研究进展
A review on lignin degradation catalyzed by ionic liquid-modified polyoxometalates
系统综述了离子液体改性多金属氧酸盐(POM-IL)在催化木质素氧化降解中的研究进展。介绍了木质素作为可再生生物质资源的化学结构特性,以及C—O与C—C键解聚的化学机理及挑战。分析表明,多酸(POMs)虽具备可调酸性和优异氧化还原活性,但存在易溶于极性溶剂、难回收的缺陷;离子液体(IL)凭借高溶解性、稳定性及可回收性,与POMs结合后可构建兼具高效催化与易回收特性的POM-IL复合体系,显著提升木质素降解效率与产物选择性。POM-IL通过协同作用实现了木质素定向解聚,生成各种高附加值产物,但其工业化仍受限,未来需通过分子设计优化催化剂性能,结合理论计算与实验手段阐明反应动力学机制,并开发绿色可持续工艺,以推动木质素资源的高效转化与工业化应用。
This review systematically examines the latest advancements in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin catalyzed by ionic liquid-modified polyoxometalates (POM-IL).Based on the chemical structural characteristics of lignin as a renewable biomass resource,the chemical mechanism and technical challenges associated with the cleavage of C—O bonds and C—C bonds are critically analyzed.Studies demonstrate that polyoxometalates (POMs),in spite of their tunable Brønsted acidity,robust redox activity and thermal stability,face still the shortages such as high solubility in polar solvent and poor recyclability.Ionic liquids (ILs),with their low volatility,exceptional solubility for lignin,stability and recyclability,can synergistically integrate with POMs to form POM-IL hybrid system that supplies the enhanced catalytic efficiency and selectivity,enabling the targeted lignin to decompose into high-value aromatic compounds.Current challenges,including the high cost of ILs,insufficient long-term catalyst stability,and inefficient product separation,impede the industrial-scale implementation of POM-IL.In the future,the research should prioritize molecular design of cost-effective and stable functionalized POM-IL catalysts,employ the advanced in situ characterization and computational modeling to elucidate reaction pathways and kinetics,and develop sustainable closed-loop process to promote the efficient conversion and industrialized application of lignin resources.
木质素 / 氧化解聚 / 催化 / 离子液 / 多金属氧酸盐
lignin / oxidative depolymerization / catalysis / ionic liquids / polyoxometalates
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陕西基础科学(化学、生物学)研究院基础科学研究计划项目(23JHQ022)
国家自然科学基金项目(42273064)
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