从钒渣中提取五氧化二钒的研究进展
洪家兴 , 叶国华 , 荣一阳 , 宋昌溆 , 张云 , 项新月 , 王钧树 , 文汉伟
现代化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11) : 21 -26.
从钒渣中提取五氧化二钒的研究进展
Research progress on extraction of vanadium pentoxide from vanadium slag
综述了从钒渣中提取五氧化二钒工艺的研究进展,对提钒的改进工艺以及新工艺的优缺点进行了分析。传统提钒主要采用钠化焙烧-水浸和钙化焙烧-酸浸。针对传统提钒工艺污染大、成本高、浸出率低的不足,研究人员提出了一些改进和全新的工艺,有低温钠化焙烧法、无氯钠化焙烧法、镁化焙烧-酸浸工艺、微波焙烧法、亚熔盐焙烧法,以及无焙烧加压浸出法、电场强化浸出法和微生物法等。其中,低温钠化焙烧法解决了传统钠化焙烧会产生废气污染的缺点;镁化焙烧-酸浸工艺没有“三废”污染;亚熔盐焙烧法浸出率高;无焙烧加压浸出法取消了焙烧过程,降低了能耗;微生物法成本低,能耗少。未来的提钒工艺将向清洁、高效和低成本方向发展。
The research progress in the processes for extracting vanadium pentoxide from vanadium slag is reviewed.The improved processes as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the new processes are analyzed.The traditional processes for extracting vanadium include mainly sodium roasting-water leaching and calcification roasting-acid leaching.In view of the high pollution,high cost and low leaching rate shortcomings of traditional vanadium extraction processes,researchers have proposed some improved and new processes,including low temperature sodium roasting method,sodium chloride-free roasting method,magnesium roasting-acid leaching process,microwave roasting method,sub-melting salt roasting method,non-roasting pressure leaching method,electric field enhanced leaching method and microbial method,etc.Among them,the low temperature sodium roasting method solves the shortcoming that traditional sodium roasting process generates waste gas pollution.There is no wastes pollution generated in the magnesium roasting-acid leaching process.The sub-melting salt roasting method presents high leaching rate.The non-roasting pressure leaching method eliminates the roasting process and reduces energy consumption.The microbial method has low cost and low energy consumption.It is predicted that the vanadium extraction processes in the future will develop towards clean,efficient and low-cost directions.
vanadium slag / directly leaching / roasting / vanadium pentoxide / vanadium extraction
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国家自然科学基金项目(52464029)
国家自然科学基金项目(51964028)
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