水热炭在土壤有机物和重金属污染修复的应用研究进展
Research progress on application of hydrochar in remediation of organic matters and heavy metals polluted soil
综述了水热炭在去除土壤中有机污染物(如农药、抗生素、多环芳烃等)及重金属(如Pb、Cd、Cr等)的应用现状及其作用机制。研究表明,水热炭对土壤有机污染物的吸附去除效率可达80%以上,其去除机制涉及静电吸附、孔隙填充、π-π相互作用、分配作用以及氢键作用等多种作用方式。此外,水热炭与高级氧化系统相结合能够生成丰富的活性氧物种,从而实现对有机污染物的降解和矿化。在土壤重金属污染修复领域,水热炭同样表现出优异的重金属固定能力,通过络合、还原、静电吸附、沉淀及阳离子交换等多种机制,有效降低了重金属的迁移性和生物有效性,对Pb、Cd、Cr的去除率可达82%~99%,并且探讨了不同改性方法对水热炭吸附和降解性能的影响。未来研究应侧重于水热炭的复合改性、毒理学评估及其在大规模土壤修复中的应用,以实现商业化推广。
A comprehensive overview is given upon the application situation of hydrochar in the removal of organic pollutants (e.g.,pesticides,antibiotics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and heavy metals (e.g.,Pb,Cd and Cr) from soil.It is found that the adsorption removal efficiency of hydrochar for organic pollutants in soil can exceed 80%.The removal mechanism involves electrostatic adsorption,pore filling,π-π interactions,partitioning action and hydrogen bonding action.Furthermore,the combination between hydrochar and advanced oxidation system can generate abundant reactive oxygen species,thereby achieving the degradation of organic pollutants.In remediating heavy metals polluted soil,hydrochar also exhibits excellent performance.The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals are reduced effectively through various kinds of mechanism,such as complexation,reduction,electrostatic adsorption,precipitation,and cation exchange.The removal efficiencies of Pb,Cd,and Cr by hydrochar can reach 82%-99%.The influences of various modification methods on the adsorption and degradation performance of hydrochar are analyzed.It is suggested that the research in the future should focus on the composite modification of hydrochar,toxicological assessments,and the application of hydrochar in large-scale soil remediation to enable commercialization.
水热炭 / 重金属 / 有机污染物 / 土壤修复 / 土壤污染
hydrochar / heavy metal / organic pollutant / soil remediation / soil pollution
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国家自然科学基金项目(41907329)
科技部国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0106400)
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