二氯二氢硅反歧化装置的工艺优化及工业分析
向烺 , 王韬 , 陆平 , 张豪豪 , 王庆格 , 陈锦溢 , 白芳
现代化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8) : 246 -250.
二氯二氢硅反歧化装置的工艺优化及工业分析
Process optimization and industrial analysis for dichlorosilane anti-disproportionation unit
以二氯二氢硅(DCS)和四氯化硅(STC)为原料,通过反歧化反应精馏工艺合成三氯氢硅(TCS)的过程进行系统性工艺优化。根据反应特性确定了适宜的催化剂,考察氯化氢气体、催化剂氮含量、反应温度和反应时间对催化剂活性的影响。为了提升催化剂活性并满足严格的水分控制要求,提出了一种催化剂预处理方法,包括高纯水洗涤以除去杂质、甲醇脱水以及氮气与氯化氢吹扫,有效提高催化性能。其次采用了新型的催化剂捆扎包的装填方式进行装填,减少了催化剂的磨损,具有催化剂寿命长、操作稳定、操作弹性大等优点。基于理论分析的基础进行工业实验装置设计,并确定了预分离塔和反应精馏塔的控制策略。经过对工艺操作条件的优化,得到了反应精馏塔操作压力为绝压150 kPa,回流量3~4 t/h,塔顶采出温度为50℃的操作条件,将DCS的转化率提高到98.5%以上,并在国内某企业的工业装置上应用,验证了工艺的可行性。
In this study,a systematic process optimization is carried out for the synthesis of trichlorosilicon (TCS) from dichlorodihydrosilicon (DCS) and silicon tetrachloride (STC) through the anti-disproportionation reactive distillation process.Firstly,a suitable catalyst is identified according to the reaction characteristics,and the impacts of hydrogen chloride gas,nitrogen content in catalyst,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the catalyst activity are explored.To enhance the catalyst's activity and meet strict water control requirement,a catalyst pretreatment method is proposed to improve the catalytic performance effectively,which includes high-purity water washing to remove impurities,methanol dehydration,nitrogen purging and hydrogen chloride purging.Subsequently,a new type of catalyst bundling package is adopted for loading catalyst,reducing catalyst wear and offering advantages such as long catalyst lifespan,stable operation,and high operating flexibility.Finally,industrial experimental device design is conducted based on theoretical analysis,and control strategies are determined for the pre-separation column and the reactive distillation column.After the optimization,the reactive distillation column's operation conditions are set as follows:an operation pressure of adiabatic 150 kPa,a return flow rate 3-4 t/h,and a column top extraction temperature of 50℃.Under these conditions,the conversion rate of DCS increases to over 98.5%.This process has been applied in a certain industrial plant in China,which verifies its feasibility.
三氯氢硅 / 新型捆扎包 / 反应精馏 / 反歧化 / 四氯化硅 / 二氯二氢硅
trichlorosilane / new-type catalyst bundling package / reactive distillation / anti-disproportionation / silicon tetrachloride / dichlorosilane
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中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA0390405)
湖北三峡实验室重点基金(SC231002)
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