现代化工

现代化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8) : 31-35. DOI: 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2025.08.006

技术进展

表面等离子体共振光谱技术的应用和研究进展

何雷 ¹ ,
王斯媛 ²^,^* ,
闫其庚 ¹^,² ,
赵晓曼 ¹ ,
袁淑晴 ¹

作者信息 +

Applications and research progress of surface plasma resonance spectroscopy

Lei HE ¹ ,
Si-yuan WANG ²^,^* ,
Qi-geng YAN ¹^,² ,
Xiao-man ZHAO ¹ ,
Shu-qing YUAN ¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

PDF (2031K)

摘要

表面等离子体共振光谱技术是一种基于金属—介质界面电子振荡的高灵敏度表面分析技术,具有实时监测、无需标记和快速响应等优势,其装置逐步发展为集成激发光源、耦合棱镜、检测芯片及微流控系统的多功能平台,广泛应用于生物传感、环境监测和医学诊断等领域。近年来,相关研究主要聚焦于提升灵敏度及拓展功能和应用。未来,该技术将向高集成度、便携化及多技术融合方向发展,结合人工智能与标准化建设,有望在材料化工、精准医疗及环境健康等领域实现更广泛的社会和经济效益。

Abstract

Surface plasma resonance (SPR) spectroscopy technology is a highly sensitive surface analysis technology based on electron oscillations at the metal-dielectric interface,offering advantages such as real-time monitoring,label-free operation,and rapid response capabilities.The corresponding instrumentation has evolved into a multifunctional platform integrating excitation light sources,coupling prisms,detection chips,and microfluidic system together,and is widely applied in biosensing,environmental monitoring,and medical diagnostics.In recent years,the advancements have focused on enhancing sensitivity and expanding functional versatility.In the future,SPR technology will develop towards high integration,miniaturization,and multimodal technology convergence.Combined with artificial intelligence integration and standardization frameworks,SPR technology holds significant potential for broader societal and economic impacts in the fields such as materials engineering,precision medicine,and environmental health.

Graphical abstract

关键词

表面等离子体 / 高灵敏度检测 / 新型SPR材料 / 表面增强辐射 / SPR光谱技术

Key words

surface plasma / high-sensitivity detection / novel SPR materials / surface enhanced emission / SPR spectroscopy

Author summay

何雷(1971-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为应用物理,helei@bdu.edu.cn。

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

[Author(id=1241416375039651953, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=helei@bdu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375069012085, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375039651953, language=EN, stringName=Lei HE, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375094177912, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375039651953, language=CN, stringName=何雷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000, bio={"content":"

何雷(1971-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为应用物理,helei@bdu.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

何雷(1971-),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向为应用物理,helei@bdu.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241416374968348775, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374976737384, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374980931689, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000)])]), Author(id=1241416375119343738, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=597262402@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375207424130, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375119343738, language=EN, stringName=Si-yuan WANG, firstName=Si-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=²^,^*, address=2. Hebei Provincial Innovation Center for Green Control Technology of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375232589956, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375119343738, language=CN, stringName=王斯媛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=²^,^*, address=2.河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,河北保定 071000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241416375006097515, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416375010291820, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416375006097515, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Provincial Innovation Center for Green Control Technology of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416375014486125, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416375006097515, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,河北保定 071000)])]), Author(id=1241416375257755783, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375287115916, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375257755783, language=EN, stringName=Qi-geng YAN, firstName=Qi-geng, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹^,², address=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China
2. Hebei Provincial Innovation Center for Green Control Technology of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375387779215, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375257755783, language=CN, stringName=闫其庚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹^,², address=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000
2.河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,河北保定 071000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241416374968348775, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374976737384, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374980931689, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241416375006097515, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416375010291820, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416375006097515, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Provincial Innovation Center for Green Control Technology of Soil-borne Diseases, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416375014486125, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416375006097515, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省土传病害绿色防控技术创新中心,河北保定 071000)])]), Author(id=1241416375442305172, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375521996957, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375442305172, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-man ZHAO, firstName=Xiao-man, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375547162783, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375442305172, language=CN, stringName=赵晓曼, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241416374968348775, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374976737384, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374980931689, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000)])]), Author(id=1241416375572328612, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375601688743, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375572328612, language=EN, stringName=Shu-qing YUAN, firstName=Shu-qing, middleName=null, lastName=YUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241416375626854569, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, authorId=1241416375572328612, language=CN, stringName=袁淑晴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241416374968348775, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374976737384, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Automotive and Electronic Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding 071000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241416374980931689, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240720108001128888, companyId=1241416374968348775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.保定学院汽车与电子工程学院,河北保定 071000)])])] 何雷,王斯媛,闫其庚,赵晓曼,袁淑晴. 表面等离子体共振光谱技术的应用和研究进展[J]. , 2025, 45(8): 31-35 DOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2025.08.006

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

1902年,美国物理学家R.Wood首次观察到表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)现象。1941年,美国物理学家Y.Fano在实验中通过电磁波激发金属与空气界面,并从理论上对这一现象做出了解释。表面等离子体通常是指在金属和介电物质界面存在的自由振动的电子与外场相互作用产生的沿着金属表面传播的电子疏密波^[1]。当表面电子受激励源(光子或电子)激发后,从基态转变为激发态。同时,由于电子与外场的耦合会在特定频率下产生电磁共振,并形成沿界面传播的表面波且向外发出电磁辐射,这就是表面等离子体共振辐射^[2]。

表面等离子体共振是一种对表面或界面敏感的物理现象,与其相关的表面等离子共振光谱技术是一种表面分析技术,具有实时监测、高灵敏度以及无需标记的特点,被广泛地应用于生物传感、环境监测、药物筛选、临床诊断、食品工程等方向^[3]。当金属与介质表面的物理性质(如介电常数、折射率、表面结构等)发生变化时,表面等离子体共振的光学性质就会发生改变。在现代化工领域,SPR光谱技术应用潜力巨大,并常被用于实现化学反应控制及优化、污染物检测和材料性能表征等工作。本文将详细介绍SPR光谱装置和技术特点,并总结其最新的研究进展。

1 表面等离子共振光谱技术的研究背景

1.1 表面等离子共振光谱装置

如图1所示,SPR光谱装置常包含激光光源、光学组件(偏振器、透镜组等)、耦合棱镜、检测芯片、θ/2θ测角仪、光电探测器、样品池及样品流动系统、控制系统(马达、电机等)和总控分析系统(计算机、分析软件)等^[4-5]。

1.2 表面等离子共振光谱工作原理

在操作时,光源产生的探测光经过光路系统传导,通过棱镜折射后入射到金属薄膜表面,激发表面等离子体共振,棱镜另一侧的探测器会实时监测反射光的光谱。与此同时,金属薄膜的另一侧与样品池接触,在流动系统的控制下从进液口导入检测液体,其中的待测物质(如有机分子链、细胞等)会黏附在金属薄膜表面并改变界面折射率和介电常数。如图2所示,通过对比进样前后光谱(峰值位置、强度、线宽、线形等信息)随时间的变化,可以分析待测物质的物化性质,如成分、尺寸等。可以看到,金属薄膜及检测芯片是支撑表面等离子体共振辐射产生的核心部件。研究人员发现,当材料的介电常数的实部为绝对值很小的负数时,这种表面波才会产生;并且其虚部与电磁辐射的损耗相关,因此虚部需为绝对值很小的数值^[6]。综合考虑上述因素,常用的表面等离子体材料为金、银等贵金属材料^[7]。在检测完成后,需要持续通入不含待检物质的溶液,冲刷附着在检测芯片表面的物质,最终移除所有待检物质并将装置恢复到初始状态。

2 表面等离子共振光谱技术的研究进展

对SPR光谱技术的研究是结合物理、化学、生物、材料、环境、化工等多个学科的交叉领域。近年来,对SPR技术的研究主要集中在表面/界面性质提升、新型纳米结构或新型材料的应用、特殊SPR技术的研发、以及SPR技术应用领域的扩展等方面。

2.1 增加SPR信号强度

从图1中可以看到,系统中SPR信号强度与两个因素相关,即激发光源和界面性质。首先,通过引入激光光源和等离子体激光器件可以构建激光增强SPR(lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance,LESPR)光谱检测平台^[1],从而获得更窄的光谱线宽和更高的设备集成度。对于LESPR技术,常用的等离子体材料包括Au、Ag、Cu、Al等传统材料,及TiN(氮化钛)、ZrN(氮化锆)等过渡金属氮化物^[8];在其上方还需覆盖增益材料,多为半导体纳米层^[1,8]。在低温(120 K)条件下,研究人员成功在间隙等离子体模式纳米腔中实现了模式体积超小(约0.002λ³)的纳米激光^[9]。LESPR检测方法的应用方向与传统SPR技术相似^[10-11],未来还需继续提高等离子体材料和增益材料的耦合性能,以区分数据中的等离子体模式信号和光子模式信号^[12]。

另一种信号增强的途径是在检测芯片表面构建纳米结构,利用局域表面等离子体共振(localized surface plasmon resonance,LSPR)增强表面电磁场的辐射。在外场的激发下,等离子体材料表面的电子成为受激电子,并形成表面波。如果存在表面纳米结构,受激电子的运动被结构边界所束缚并聚集,由此产生的LSPR会提高该位置的光学态密度和辐射强度。常见的纳米制备方法包括光刻蚀、电子束刻蚀、离子束刻蚀等^[6,13];也有研究人员应用多金属复合薄膜,或在芯片表面增加金属纳米颗粒^[14-15]。

2.2 应用新型材料

新型材料在SPR技术中的应用取得了显著进展。与优化界面性质的原理类似,新型材料的应用旨在改变界面的介电常数,并增强光场局域化、提高信号灵敏度。此外,新型二维材料的应用扩展了SPR材料的选择范围,使其不再被局限于金、银等传统金属材料,推动了SPR技术在生物传感、环境监测和医疗诊断等领域的广泛应用。

Nurrohman等^[16]探讨了石墨烯在SPR传感器中的应用。石墨烯因其高导电性、大比表面积和优异的光学特性,被用于增强SPR信号的灵敏度和稳定性。研究证实了石墨烯基SPR传感器可被用于生物传感、环境监测和医疗诊断等方向。Kumar等^[17]开发了一种基于MXene的SPR传感器,用于检测小分子(如气体和药物分子)。MXene是一种新型二维材料,具有高导电性和可调谐的光学特性。MXene的引入显著提高了传感器的灵敏度和选择性,为环境监测和药物筛选提供了新工具。Kumar等^[18]研究了利用黑磷作为SPR传感器的功能材料,实现了对重金属离子(如铅、汞)的超灵敏检测。黑磷的高比表面积和可调带隙特性使其在环境监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。Tene等^[19]研究开发了一种基于MoS₂的SPR生物传感器,用于快速、无标记检测病毒。MoS₂的引入显著提高了传感器的灵敏度和响应速度,为病毒检测提供了一种高效的工具。Yan等^[20]在拓扑绝缘体Bi₂Te₃薄膜表面制备了同心圆型纳米结构,获得了增益SPR辐射,并发现其光学性质与激发方式有关。此外,他们还制备了Pt/Bi₂Te₃同心圆纳米异质结构,该结构可以进一步提高SPR辐射的汇聚性,使信号得到显著增强。

2.3 电化学SPR检测技术

电化学表面等离子体共振(electrochemical surface plasmon resonance,EC-SPR)检测是将SPR原理和电化学原理相结合的表征技术,通过在电极表面(即SPR金属层)施加电压,可以引发氧化还原反应,产生电流信号,而电化学信号的变化可以反映电极表面发生的化学反应。相比于基本的SPR光谱技术,EC-SPR检测技术更适合被用于化工领域,能够为催化剂表征、电化学反应机理研究、聚合物与表面改性、化工过程监控以及环境与安全监测提供强有力的技术支持。

随着材料工程和纳米技术的发展,EC-SPR检测技术也获得了相应的提升,如Yuan等^[21]开发了一种基于金纳米颗粒-石墨烯复合材料的EC-SPR传感器,用于检测样本中的葡萄糖。通过电化学调控表面等离子体共振信号,检测限低至0.1 nM,显著提升了灵敏度。Zhang等^[22]报道了一种集成微流控的EC-SPR平台,可同时检测水样中的铅、汞、镉离子。结合电化学沉积和SPR成像技术,实现了实时、高通量分析。最新研究显示便携式EC-SPR设备识别抗生素耐药基因,检测时间缩短至2分钟^[23-24]。随着技术的不断进步,EC-SPR有望在其他领域实现更多突破性应用,推动各行业的技术创新和发展,实现操作简便、灵敏度高、功能性强的实时监测。

2.4 专用SPR检测组件

针对特殊目标物质而设计相应的专用检测组件也是SPR光谱检测技术的发展方向之一。例如研究人员设计了高磁敏性SPR检测组件,以提高设备对铅、锰颗粒或有机磁性污染物等磁性污染物质的选择性吸附^[25]。如图3所示,此检测组件的主要组成部件包括可旋转圆形平台、棱镜、固定卡扣、样品池和检测芯片等。其主要结构特点为分体式构造,即通过固定卡扣,将样品池和棱镜部件扣在一起,并将检测芯片夹在二者中间。检测芯片的一侧可以受到入射光的激发,而另一侧可以接触到样品池中的液体。

该设计中的检测芯片为磁敏性表面等离子体检测芯片,即通过磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备磁性薄膜和SPR金属薄膜的异质结构。相比于传统的一体式构造,此组件虽然牺牲了一定的密闭性,但在固定卡扣和隔液圈的辅助下不会泄露样品。此外,分体式设计可以带来显著的优势,即使用者可以根据对待测样品性质的预估而更换合适性质的检测芯片,同时,模块化的设计有助于降低设备维护和修理的成本。图4(a)从另一角度展示了检测组件拆开后的三维视图,其中浅色“回”形部件即为密封隔液圈。底部圆形平台上有两个凹槽,为方便移动进液口和出液口而预留的空间。图4(b)中下方还展示了拆开后的样品池,样品池底部凸起即为进液口和出液口;样品池的另一侧为敞口设计,方便样品接触检测芯片(隔液圈中间露出的区域)。

2.5 SPR光谱技术的应用扩展

目前,SPR光谱技术作为一项操作简单、适用性广的表征技术,逐渐被更多领域的专家认识,并为其赋予了更多的意义。例如,在后疫情时代,研究人员发现可以利用SPR生物检测技术诊断SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白,这为COVID-19的快速诊断提供了新工具^[26]。此外,SPR技术与侧流法或聚合酶链式反应法的结合有助于快速检测SARS-CoV-2的IgM/IgG抗体及RNA^[27-28]。再如Fu等^[29]介绍了利用SPR成像技术同时检测多种癌症标志物。这种多通道检测和图像分析相结合的技术,实现了对低浓度生物标志物的高灵敏度、高通量检测,为未来攻克癌症提供助力。

此外,在食品和环境健康领域,SPR技术也被用于检测一些新的有害物质,例如检测生菜中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌^[30]等。可以预见,随着技术的不断革新和跨学科融合的深入,SPR光谱技术必将在更多领域绽放异彩,为人类社会的发展提供强有力的技术支撑。

3 总结与展望

本文从表面等离子体共振光谱技术的基本物理机制、设计特点以及应用领域出发,总结和阐述了其特性和最新进展。SPR技术作为一种高灵敏度的分析工具,已在生物传感、材料化工、环境监测、医学诊断等领域广泛应用。该项技术的未来发展包括但不限于以下几点。

(1)提升检测灵敏度。继续通过优化表面纳米结构(如纳米颗粒、纳米孔阵列)增强局域表面等离子体共振辐射,提升灵敏度;或应用新型SPR材料(如石墨烯、过渡金属硫化物等),增强SPR信号。

(2)增加装置的功能。可能的发展途径包括开发多通道SPR传感器,实现多组分同时检测;结合微流控技术,实现大规模、高通量、自动化检测;开发小型化、便携式SPR设备,便于现场快速、动态检测;将SPR光谱技术与其他技术(如拉曼光谱、荧光光谱)结合,提供更全面的分析信息等。

(3)扩展应用领域。针对医学、环境、食品健康等领域的特殊目标物质,研发专用的SPR检测装置;引入人工智能和机器学习,优化数据分析和解释。

(4)促进商业化、标准化和规范化。开发低成本、高性能材料,优化制造工艺,推动大规模生产和商业化应用;建立统一标准,完善质量控制体系,提升检测结果的可靠性和稳定性。

综上所述,SPR光谱技术未来将在灵敏度、便携性、多功能集成等方面持续进步,应用领域也将进一步扩展,同时降低成本并推动标准化,助力其在更多领域的广泛应用,具有重大的社会和经济效益。

参考文献

原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用

[1]	Zhang Z, Nest L, Wang S, et al. Lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9(9):1699-1714.

[2]	Maier S A. Plasmonics:Fundamentals and applications[M]. Berlin: Springer,2007:21-37.

[3]	Camarca A, Varriale A, Capo A, et al. Emergent biosensing technologies based on fluorescence spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance[J]. Sensors, 2021,21:906.

[4]	Ribeiro J A, Sales M G F, Pereira C M. Electrochemistry combined-surface plasmon resonance biosensors:A review[J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2022,157:116766.

[5]	Nanda B P, Rani P, Paul P, et al. Recent trends and impact of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in modern analysis[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024,14:100959.

[6]	Yan Q, Wang S, Guan K, et al. Cathodoluminescence and tip-plasmon resonance of Bi₂Te₃ triangular nanostructures[J]. PLoS One, 2024, 19(1):e0291251.

[7]	Debu D T, Yan Q, Darweesh A A, et al. Broad range electric field enhancement of a plasmonic nanosphere heterodimer[J]. Optical Materials Express, 2020, 10(7):1704-1713.

[8]	Wu H, Gao Y, Xu P, et al. Plasmonic nanolasers:Pursuing extreme lasing conditions on nanoscale[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2019,7:1900334.

[9]	Hsieh Y H, Hsu B W, Peng K N, et al. Perovskite quantum dot lasing in a gap-plasmon nanocavity with ultralow threshold[J]. ACS Nano, 2020,14:11670-11676.

[10]	Gao Z S, Wang J H, Song P, et al. Spaser nanoparticles for ultranarrow bandwidth STED super-resolution imaging[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020,32:1907233.

[11]	Tang S J, Dannenberg P H, Liapis A C, et al. Laser particles with omnidirectional emission for cell tracking[J]. Light Science & Applications, 2021,10:23.

[12]	Wang Y, Yu J, Mao Y F, et al. Stable,high-performance sodium-based plasmonic devices in the near infrared[J]. Nature, 2020,581:401-405.

[13]	Yan Q, Debu D T, Ghosh P K, et al. Plasmonic emission of hybrid Au/Ag bullseye nanostructures[J]. Materials Letters, 2019,247:131-134.

[14]	Shrivastav A M, Satish L, Kushmaro A, et al. Engineering the penetration depth of nearly guided wave surface plasmon resonance towards application in bacterial cells monitoring[J]. Sensors and Actuators:B.Chemical, 2021,345:130338.

[15]	Tang Z, Wu J, Yu X, et al. Fabrication of Au nanoparticle arrays on flexible substrate for tunable localized surface plasmon resonance[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021,13:9281-9288.

[16]	Nurrohman D T, Chiu N F. A review of graphene-based surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensors:Current status and future prospects[J]. Nanomaterials, 2021,11:216.

[17]	Kumar A, Verma P, Jindal P. Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on MXene coated PCF for detecting the cancer cells with machine learning approach[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 2023,267/268:111897.

[18]	Kumar R, Singh S, Chaudhary B, et al. Black phosphorus-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for DNA hybridization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2024, 52(4):1358-1365.

[19]	Tene T, Bellucci S, Gomez C V. SPR biosensor based on bilayer MoS₂ for SARS-CoV-2 sensing[J]. Biosensors, 2025,15:21.

[20]	Yan Q, Li X, Liang B. Plasmonic emission of bullseye nanoemitters on Bi₂Te₃ nanoflakes[J]. Materials, 2020,13:1531.

[21]	Yuan Y, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Gold nanoparticles decorated on single layer graphene applied for electrochemical ultrasensitive glucose biosensor[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2019,855:113495.

[22]	Zhang Y, Xu K, Tan L V, et al. Electrochemical sensing platform for detection of heavy metal ions without electrochemical signal[J]. Microchimica Acta, 2024,191:246.

[23]	Frigoli M, Krupa M P, Hooyberghs G, et al. Electrochemical sensors for antibiotic detection:A focused review with a brief overview of commercial technologies[J]. Sensors, 2024,24:5576.

[24]	Madhu S, Ramasamy S, Choi J. Recent developments in electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2022,15:1488.

[25]	保定学院. 一种表面等离子体共振检测组件:CN 219573894 U[P].2023-08-22.

[26]	Shrivastav A M, Cvelbar U, Abdulhalim I. A comprehensive review on plasmonic-based biosensors used in viral diagnostics[J]. Communications Biology, 2021,4:70.

[27]	Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, et al. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2[J]. Nature, 2020,581:221-224.

[28]	Moitra P, Alafeef M, Dighe K, et al. Selective naked-eye detection of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by N gene targeted antisense oligonucleotide capped plasmonic nanoparticles[J]. ACS Nano, 2020,14:7617-7627.

[29]	Fu L, Lin C T, Karimi-Maleh H, et al. Plasmonic nanoparticle-enhanced optical techniques for cancer biomarker sensing[J]. Biosensors, 2023,13:977.

[30]	Bhandari D, Chen F C, Bridgman R C. Magnetic nanoparticles enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor for rapid detection of salmonella typhimurium in romaine lettuce[J]. Sensors, 2022,22:475.