9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPEF) is a typical biphenol compound,also one of the key raw materials in the production of polyester and other polymers.A series of sulfonic acid-functionalized acidic ionic liquids (SILs) are designed and synthesized,which couple with 3-mercaptopropionic acid to catalyze the one-pot synthesis of BPEF from 9-fluorenone and phenoxyethanol.The acidity of SILs is a critical factor influencing their catalytic activity,while molecular size plays a secondary role.Under the optimal reaction conditions,the highest yield of BPEF reaches 86% by using 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([MimN(CH2)3SO3H][CF3SO3]) as the main catalyst and 3-mercaptopropionic acid as the co-catalyst,surpassing the 72% yield achieved with traditional sulfuric acid/3-mercaptopropionic acid catalytic system.NMR analysis results indicate that hydrogen bond interaction between the anions and cations of SILs activates the substrates and co-catalyst,which is crucial for the synthesis of BPEF.
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