CO2催化转化技术研究进展
陈阿小 , 郑宝旭 , 赵伟明 , 张铁刚 , 赵欣雷 , 李乐天 , 梅杰琼 , 陆诗建
现代化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6) : 26 -31.
CO2催化转化技术研究进展
Research progress on CO2 catalytic conversion technology
系统综述了CO2催化转化技术的最新进展,重点探讨了光催化、电催化和热催化3种主要途径的机理、催化剂设计及性能优化策略。在电催化领域,通过调控催化剂结构,可显著提升CO2还原为甲酸的效率;光催化方面,S型异质结材及二维/一维纳米复合结构通过增强载流子分离效率,实现了CO2高选择性还原为甲醇;热催化技术则以工业应用为导向,通过铁基、铜基催化剂优化,推动了CO2加氢制甲醇及短链烯烃的进程,但受限于Anderson-Schulz-Flory分布规律。此外,金属有机框架、多孔碳及离子液体功能化材料在CO2环加成反应中表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性。进一步分析了不同催化技术的优缺点,指出未来需通过多机制协同、催化剂多功能化及反应机理的深入解析,突破产物选择性低、能耗高等瓶颈,为CO2资源化利用及碳中和目标提供技术支撑。
The latest advances in CO2 catalytic conversion technologies are systematically reviewed,focusing on the mechanism,catalyst design and performance optimization strategies for three main pathways,such as photocatalysis,electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis.In the electrocatalysis field,the efficiency of CO2 reduction to formic acid can be significantly enhanced via modulating the structure of the catalyst;As for photocatalysis,S-type heterojunction materials and 2D/1D nanocomposite structure can help to achieve highly selective reduction of CO2 to methanol through enhancing carrier separation efficiency;Thermocatalysis technology orients to industrial applications,which facilitates the process of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and short-chain olefins through optimizing iron-based and copper-based catalysts,but is limited by the Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution law.In addition,metal-organic frameworks,porous carbon and ionic liquid functionalized materials exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability in CO2 cycloaddition reaction.The advantages and disadvantages of different catalytic technologies are further analyzed.It is suggested that in the future,it is necessary to break through the bottlenecks such as low products selectivity and high energy consumption through the multi-mechanisms synergy,preparing multifunctional catalyst,and in-depth analysis of reaction mechanism,so as to provide technological support for the re-use of CO2 and the goal of carbon neutrality.
CO2催化转化 / 催化剂 / 热催化 / 电催化 / 光催化
CO2 catalytic conversion / catalyst / thermal catalysis / electrocatalysis / photocatalysis
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0115800)
2022年度江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022613)
浙江省科技计划项目(2023C03156)
宁波市科技计划项目(2022Z163)
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