加氢站核心设备安全风险分析与防护研究进展
Research progress on safety risk analysis and protection of core equipment in hydrogen refueling stations
综述了国内外加氢站用压缩机、高压储氢容器和加氢机3大核心设备的安全风险。结果表明,在高压氢环境下,隔膜压缩机的橡胶O型密封圈和膜片易损坏;由于脉冲冲击和排气温度过高会降低液驱活塞式压缩机零部件使用寿命,增加氢气泄漏的风险;高压储氢容器易出现氢脆、疲劳失效和氢气泄漏等问题;加氢机易存在主管泄漏、加注升温以及集成度高导致氢气泄漏后不易扩散等问题。由此提出针对性防范意见,研究成果可为加氢站核心设备的设计改进、选型以及加氢站的长周期安全运营提供参考。
This review expounds the risks of compressors,high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels and hydrogen dispensers,which are core equipment in hydrogen refueling stations in the world.It is found that in the high-pressure hydrogen environment,the rubber-based O-rings and diaphragm sheets of the diaphragm compressor are easily damaged.Due to the pulse shock and high exit temperature,the service life of parts of the liquid-driven piston compressor will be reduced,increasing the risk of hydrogen leakage.High-pressure hydrogen storage vessels are prone to hydrogen embrittlement,fatigue failure,and hydrogen leakage.As for hydrogenation dispensers,there are risks of main pipes leakage and filling temperature rise,and hydrogen leakage is not easy to diffuse due to high integration.Therefore,the corresponding preventive measures are proposed.This research results can be used as a reference for the design improvement and selection of the core equipment in hydrogen refueling stations as well as the long-term safe operation of hydrogen refueling stations.
hydrogen refueling station / leakage / hydrogen dispenser / high pressure hydrogen storage vessel / compressor
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国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”重点专项(2021YFB4001601)
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