为探讨东部能源负荷中心大规模应用低碳甲醇的可行性,以航运燃料为应用场景,分析对比了海上合成甲醇、基于海上风电的岸基合成甲醇和内陆合成甲醇3种方案,从合成甲醇过程中的碳足迹、各装备的技术挑战和产业链成本3个角度选择最适合的低碳甲醇制备方案。在产业链成本对比方面,以平准化单位制氢成本为参考提出平准化甲醇成本模型。在计算过程中将每种方案拆分成5个环节计算平准化甲醇成本,海上可再生能源以300 MW风场为基础,内陆以鄂尔多斯10万t/a二氧化碳加绿氢制甲醇的真实项目为基础,建立3种技术方案和经济性模型。结果表明,3种方案中,海上合成甲醇方案的海上化工平台的技术可行性难以实现且海上二氧化碳运输流程复杂,内陆合成甲醇方案的甲醇远距离运输存在安全性和碳排等问题,基于海上风电的岸基合成甲醇从碳足迹、技术挑战、产业链成本等角度考虑更适用于航运燃料场景,计算的平准化甲醇成本为 8 000~11 500元/t。

To explore the feasibility of large-scale application of low-carbon methanol in Eastern Energy Load Center,taking the shipping fuel as application scenario,three schemes are analyzed and compared,including offshore methanol synthesis,onshore methanol synthesis based on offshore wind power,and inland methanol synthesis.The most suitable low-carbon methanol synthesis scheme is selected from three perspectives:carbon footprint in the methanol synthesis process,technical challenges of various equipment,and industrial chain cost.In terms of comparison in industrial chain cost,a levelized methanol cost model is proposed based on the levelized unit hydrogen production cost.In the calculation process,each scheme is divided into 5 stages to calculate the cost of levelized methanol.Based on relevant research and literature data,three technical schemes and economic models are established on the basis that offshore renewable energy takes a 300 MW wind farm as benchmark,and the inland scheme takes an actual project as benchmark,which produces 100 000 tons/year methanol from carbon dioxide and green hydrogen in Ordos,Inner Mongolia,China.Results indicate that among these three schemes,the offshore methanol synthesis scheme has less technical feasibility,and the offshore carbon dioxide transportation process is too complex.The long-distance transportation of methanol in the inland methanol synthesis scheme may suffer issues in safety and carbon dioxide emission.From the perspectives of carbon footprint,technical challenges,and industrial chain cost,the onshore methanol synthesis scheme based on offshore wind power is more suitable for shipping fuel scenario.The levelized methanol cost calculated is RMB 8 000-11 500 per ton.

汪颖异(1993-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事航运业新能源研究工作,wangyingyi19931124@163.com;金强(1973-),男,本科,研究员,主要从事船海装备体系研究工作,通讯联系人,jinq_maric@126.com。