采用化学絮凝方法有效清除废液中亚微米固相钻井液,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等分析了固控设备处理后的废弃油基钻井液的组分、污染特性、毒性以及废液中亚微米固相的性质。结果表明,废弃油基钻井液的固相、油类含量明显超标,主要有机物为长链烷烃,占总质量的91%,无机物主要有石英石、赤铁矿、硬石膏及斜长石;废液中的镉元素、COD和BOD₅的含量超标,不易被生物降解,属于危险废弃物,可根据废液特征选择合适的无害化处理方式;废弃油基钻井液中固相的粒径分布在0.1~100 μm,平均为4.5 μm。

The components,pollution characteristics,toxicity and submicron solid phase nature of the waste oil-based drilling fluid treated by the solid control equipment are analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),X-ray diffractometer (XRD),X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR).It is found that the contents of solid phase and oil substances in the waste oil-based drilling fluid significantly exceeds the standard.Long-chain alkanes are main organic matters,which accounts for 91% of the total mass.The inorganic matters contained mainly consist of quartzite,hematite,hard gypsum and plagioclase feldspar.The contents of cadmium element,COD and BOD5 in the waste fluid exceeds the standard,which are not easy to be biodegraded and belongs to hazardous wastes.The appropriate harmless treatment method can be selected according to the waste fluid characteristics.The size of particles in the solid phase in the waste oil-based drilling fluid distributes in the range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm,with an average size of 4.5 μm.It is recommended to remove the submicron solid phase by flocculation method.

苏锐(1999-),女,硕士生,主要从事油气井化学工程领域研究,1184154940@qq.com;黄维安(1976-),男,博士,教授,主要从事油田化学与提高采收率方向研究,通讯联系人,20070067@upc.edu.cn。