通过一步化学合成法制备了稳定的导热油基铜纳米流体,再向其中添加一定比例的二氧化硅纳米粒子制备出Cu-SiO₂复合纳米流体。利用分光光度计测试了所制备纳米流体的透射率随波长的变化情况,并通过闷晒实验对纳米流体的光热转换效应进行研究。结果表明,添加二氧化硅后的Cu-SiO₂复合纳米流体的透射率大幅下降;Cu-SiO₂复合纳米流体随着总质量分数的提高光热转换效应增强,并存在最佳总质量分数0.6%;光照30 min后可升温至200℃,集热性能提升效果显著。复合纳米流体光热转换效果最佳质量比为m(Cu)∶m(SiO₂)=4∶2。

A stable heat transfer oil-based copper nanofluid is prepared via one-step chemical synthesis method,within which a certain proportion of silica nanoparticles is added to prepare Cu-SiO₂ composite nanofluid.The variations of transmittance of the prepared nanofluid upon wavelength are tested and compared by using spectrophotometer,and the photothermal shift effect of the nanofluid is investigated through smothering experiment.Results indicate that the transmittance of Cu-SiO₂ composite nanofluid with the addition of silica decreases dramatically.The photothermal shift effect of Cu-SiO₂ composite nanofluid is enhanced with the increase of the total mass fraction and there exists an optimal mass fraction of 0.6%.It can be heated up to 200℃ after 30 min of light exposure,showing a remarkable improvement of heat-collecting performance.The optimal photothermal conversion effect can be obtained for the composite nanofluid under m(Cu)∶m(SiO₂)=4∶2.

吉祝昊(1997-),男,硕士生,研究方向为纳米流体的传热传质与应用,807135972@qq.com;马红和(1986-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为煤的清洁燃烧,通讯联系人,mahonghe@tyut.edu.cn。