综述了含油废水的定义、油的存在形态、油水分离技术以及吸油材料的研究进展。油水分离技术包括物理分离法、化学分离法、物理化学分离法以及组合工艺等。阐述了各种油水分离技术的基本原理、流程和特点,综合比较分析发现,应依据含油废水中油品的性质及存在形式选择合适的油水分离技术,并且兼顾经济效益。组合工艺是油水分离的发展趋势;高性能低成本油水分离材料以及油水分离设备的研发是未来油水分离技术发展的重点。

This review outlines the definition of oily wastewater,various forms of oil in wastewater,oil-water separation technology,and the advancements in oil-absorbing materials.The oil-water separation technologies encompass physical separation,chemical separation,physicochemical separation,and a combination of these methods.Various oil-water separation techniques' fundamental principles,processes,and features are expounded.It is found through a comprehensive comparative analysis that appropriate oil-water separation technologies should be selected based on the properties and forms of oil products in oil-containing wastewater,while also taking into account economic benefits.A combination of technologies is the emerging trend in oil-water separation.The development of oil-water separation technology in the future is suggested to focus on research and development of high-performance low cost separation materials and oil-water separation equipment.