以月桂酸-硬脂酸二元低共熔脂肪酸（LA-SA）为相变材料、膨胀珍珠岩（EP）和膨胀石墨（EG）为负载材料，采用真空吸附法制备LA-SA/EG和LA-SA/EP复合相变材料。通过FT-IR、ESEM、DSC和小室试验等对复合相变材料的化学组成、微观结构、热物性和调温性能等进行分析。结果表明，LA-SA与负载材料复合基本不改变相变材料的储放能性能；由于EG空间网络孔隙体积大，微孔和表面吸附力比EP大，故其比EP负载LA-SA能力强，EG和EP的最佳LA-SA负载率分别为90%和40%。小室试验结果表明，复合相变材料LA-SA/EG、LA-SA/EP不仅可以降低小室内最高气温，还能延迟小室内达到最高气温的时间，有效调节室内热环境；由于LA-SA/EG材料导热系数和相变潜热高，故其调温效果比LA-SA/EP更好，对建筑的节能减碳作用更显著。

LA-SA/EG and LA-SA/EP composite phase change materials are prepared via vacuum adsorption method using lauric acid-stearic acid (LA-SA) as phase change material, and expanded perlite (EP) and expanded graphite (EG) as the loading materials.The chemical composition, microstructure, thermal properties and thermoregulation properties of the composite phase change materials are analyzed by means of FT-IR, ESEM, DSC and small chamber tests.It is shown that the composition between LA-SA and the loading material has hardly changed the energy storage and discharge performance of LA-SA.Due to its large pore volume of the space network, EG has larger microporous and surface adsorption force than EP, so it is more capable of loading LA-SA than EP.The optimal loading rates of LA-SA by EG and EP are 90% and 40%, respectively.The small room test shows that LA-SA/EG and LA-SA/EP can reduce the maximum temperature in the small room, also delay the time of reaching the maximum temperature in the small room, effectively regulating the indoor thermal environment.Due to its high thermal conductivity and phase change latent heat, LA-SA/EG shows better temperature regulation effect than LA-SA/EP, which has a more significant effect on the energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction of the building.

胡明玉(1958-),女,博士,教授,研究方向为生态环境材料、建筑节能材料和建筑结构材料,humingyude@163.com