为了验证流化床热解气化一体化反应器一步法提取焦油与合成气的效果,在处理量为36 t/d的工业试验装置对0~300 μm西湾煤进行连续运行试验,考察了热解及气化反应的产物产率及性质。结果表明,在热解温度580℃、气化温度990℃、压力1.0 MPa下,通过加氢气氛、短接触时间与固体颗粒高倍率循环的协同影响,强化床层传热传质和减少产物的二次反应,焦油产率为15.91%,格金焦油产率达到136.57%;焦油密度1.06 kg/m³,含尘量0.87%(质量分数,下同),含水率2.58%,焦油中轻质组分含量57.14%;半焦和灰渣的挥发分降低,硫元素含量减少;合成气中H₂含量(体积分数,下同)29.53%~33.79%,CO含量26.88%~30.05%,热值9 471.03~10 069.09 kJ/m³;标定期间的每小时物料平衡偏差1.27%,热量损失6.90%,碳转化率94.27%,能源转化效率82.75%。工业化试验证明,流化床热解气化一体化反应器可以有效耦合粉煤热解与半焦气化,实现了连续稳定运行,以较高产率制取了高品质焦油与合成气,不产生半焦。

To verify the feasibility of fluidized bed pyrolysis-gasification integrated reactor for the production of tar and syngas in high yield and high quality,a 36 t/d pilot plant is designed,built and commissioned into successful running.Fine coal in a size of 0-300 μm is continuously processed in the pilot plant to examine the yield and properties of products from pyrolysis and gasification reactions.The results show that at a pyrolysis temperature of 580℃,a gasification temperature of 990℃ and 1.0 MPa,the heat and mass transfer in the bed are strengthened and the secondary reaction is reduced through the synergistic effect of hydrogenation atmosphere,short residence time and high rate circulation of solid particles.The yield of tar reaches 15.91%,which can reach 136.57% of Gray-King tar yield.The tar has a density of 1.06 kg·m^-3,and contains 0.87% of dust content,2.58% of water,and 57.14% of light components.The volatiles of char and ash residue are greatly reduced,and the content of sulfur element are also reduced.The content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in syngas are 29.53%-33.79% and 26.88%-30.05%,respectively.The calorific value of syngas is 9 471.03-10 069.09 kJ·Nm^-3.The material balance deviation and heat loss are 1.27 wt% and 6.90 wt%,respectively while carbon conversion rate and energy conversion efficiency are 94.27% and 82.75%,respectively.Experiment shows that the fluidized bed integrated pyrolysis-gasification reactor can effectively couple the pyrolysis of pulverized coal and the gasification of char,achieve continuous and stable operation,produce tar and gas in high yield and high quality,but does not produce char.

黄勇(1983-),男,博士,高级工程师,从事新型煤热解及气化技术的研发工作,xue731@163.com。