系统介绍了燃烧后化学吸收法脱碳工艺流程及技术特点,从强化吸收、强化解吸和联合工艺3个方面对节能工艺的工艺原理、节能效果以及研究现状进行了总结。强化吸收包括吸收塔中间冷却和贫液分流工艺,强化解吸包括解吸塔中间加热、富液分流、蒸汽压缩、多压力解吸工艺,分析表明,富液分流、蒸汽压缩和多压力解吸工艺具有较好的节能效果,对多种节能工艺集成优化具有更显著的节能优势。对吸收剂与节能工艺间的匹配性问题展开了讨论,结果表明,开发低能耗吸收剂并结合节能工艺的优化是实现化学吸收法脱碳工艺降本增效的重要研究方向。

The process and technical characteristics of post-combustion chemical absorption decarbonization are systematically introduced.The process principle,energy-saving effect,and research status of the energy-saving processes are summarized from the aspects such as enhanced absorption,enhanced desorption and combined process.The enhanced absorption includes absorber inter-cooling and lean solvent splitting;the enhanced desorption includes stripper inter-heating,rich solvent splitting,vapor compression,and multi-pressure stripper.It is shown through analysis that the rich solvent splitting,vapor compression and multi-pressure stripper processes show good energy-saving effects,and have more significant energy-saving advantages for the integration and optimization of various energy-saving processes.The matching between solvents and energy-saving processes is discussed.It is indicated that the development of low energy-consumption solvents combined with the optimization of energy-saving processes is an important research direction to achieve cost reduction and efficiency enhancement for chemical absorption decarbonization process.

李耀东(1997-),男,硕士生