以废弃烟末为原料、无水乙醇为夹带剂,以香料萃取得率、主要香味成分为衡量指标,分别考察了萃取模式、物料含水率、夹带剂体积分数及用量、萃取压力、温度、时间和CO₂流量等因素对萃取效果的影响,并用多元统计分析比较各因素对香味物质萃取率影响的大小。结果表明,增大压力可提高高级脂肪酸的萃取得率,并萃出较多的香味化合物;升高温度可促进美拉德反应物迅速增加,2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮(DDMP)的萃取量在85℃后呈指数增长;各类香味物质 3 h 时萃取率均超过90%,其中酸类、醛酮类、杂环化合物1 h内萃取率可达95%以上。多元回归分析结果表明,各因素对香料萃取得率的影响依次是:萃取温度>CO₂流量>萃取压力>夹带剂用量;对总香味成分萃取得率的影响依次是:萃取温度>萃取压力>夹带剂用量>CO₂流量。

Taking the discarded tobacco as raw material,anhydrous ethanol as entrainer,extraction rate of perfume and main aroma components as measurement indicators,the influences of factors such as extraction mode,water content of materials,volume fraction and dosage of entrainer,extraction pressure,temperature,time and CO₂ flow rate on the extraction effect are investigated.The impact size of various factors on aroma extraction is compared by means of multivariate statistical analysis.Results show that the increasing pressure can improve the extraction rate of higher fatty acids and extract more aromatic compounds;Maillard reactants increases rapidly with the increasing temperature,especially the extraction amount of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyrane-4-ketone (DDMP) increases exponentially with the increasing temperature above 85℃;The extraction rates of all kinds of fragrance substances exceeds 90% within 3 h,among which the extraction rates of acids,aldehydes and ketones,and heterocyclic compounds exceed 95% within 1 h;Multiple regression analysis shows that the influence of various factors on extraction rate of perfume is as follows:extraction temperature>CO₂ flow rate>extraction pressure>the amount of entrainer;The influence on the extraction rate of total aroma components is as follows:extraction temperature>extraction pressure>the amount of entrainer>CO₂ flow rate.

陈伟华(1983-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要从事烟草化学分析与研究,hbzycwh@163.com