综述了近年来基于地质聚合物的特殊结构进行设计及其在固、液、气等环境领域污染物去除中的应用。从地质聚合物的特殊结构出发,分别阐述了地质聚合物的Si/Al比结构设计、官能团与活性位点结构设计、孔隙率结构设计和孔结构设计,探讨了这4个方面结构设计对地质聚合物光催化、吸附、固定等污染物去除能力的影响。指出了地质聚合物结构设计实际应用中出现的问题,并对其经济性和后期处理进行了讨论。最后,对地质聚合物结构设计在去除污染物应用中的前景进行了展望。

This review introduces the design performed according to the special structure of geopolymers in recent years and the corresponding application in the removal of pollutants in solid,liquid and gas environmental fields.Based on the special structure of geopolymers,the Si/Al ratio structure design,functional group and active site structure design,porosity structure design and pore structure design of geopolymers are expounded respectively.The influences of these four aspects of design on the pollutants removal ability of geological polymer,such as photocatalysis,adsorption and fixing,are explored.The problems appeared in the practical application of geopolymer structure design are pointed out,and the economic performance and post-treatment of geopolymer are discussed.The prospect is given for the application of geopolymer structure design in environmental treatment.