排污许可是目前多数国家实施的一项环境管理制度，是落实排污单位责任的重要手段，对于水环境质量的改善具有重要意义。美国排污许可制度实施较早，是美国水污染防治法的核心。我国排污许可始于19世纪80年代，从探索阶段逐步发展成熟，但仍存在一定问题，有待进一步完善。分析了美国及我国工业废水排污许可制度，总结了我国排污许可管理方面存在的问题，提出了相关对策建议。

Pollutant discharge permit is an environmental management system implemented in most countries worldwide.It is an important means to implement the responsibility of pollutant discharge units,and is significant to improve the quality of water environment.The pollutant discharge permit system has implemented in the United States for a long time,which is the core of the water pollution prevention and control regulation of the United States.China began to implement the industrial wastewater discharge permits in the 1880s,and developed gradually.However,there still exist some problems to be further solved.This paper analyzes the industrial wastewater discharge permit system in the United States and China,summarizes the problems existing in the management of China's wastewater discharge permit system,and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

伍思扬(1991-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事重金属污染防治政策技术研究,010-84915266,wusy@caep.org.cn