氢能已成为未来能源发展的重要方向之一，被视为是实现碳达峰、碳中和的必由之路。目前氢气的主要来源以天然气和煤等化石燃料为主，生产过程仍要排放大量二氧化碳。电解水所产氢气被视为"绿氢"，被认为是氢气生产的最终方向，但目前"绿氢"成本远远高于化石燃料制氢。通过分析碱性电解槽（AWE）和质子交换膜电解槽（PEM）两种主流电解技术的制氢成本，发现氢气成本主要由设备折旧和电力成本两部分组成。由此降本措施主要是降低这两部分的成本，包括降低电价以降低电力成本，增加电解槽工作时间生产更多氢气以摊薄折旧和其他固定成本，以及通过技术进步和规模化生产降低电解槽尤其是PEM电解槽的设备成本等。

Hydrogen energy has become one of the important directions for future energy development and is regarded as the right way for China to achieve emission peak and carbon neutrality.The hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water is regarded as "green hydrogen", which is considered the ultimate direction of hydrogen production.But the current cost of "green hydrogen" is much higher than that of hydrogen produced from fossil fuel.Through analyzing hydrogen production costs by alkaline electrolysis cell (AWE) and proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEM) technologies, it is found that the cost of hydrogen is mainly composed of electricity cost and equipment depreciation.Therefore, the cost reduction measures shall mainly include reducing electricity prices to reduce electricity costs, increasing the working time of the electrolysis cell to produce more hydrogen to dilute depreciation and other fixed costs, and reducing the equipment cost of electrolysis cell, especially PEM electrolyzer through technological progress and large-scale production, etc.

张轩(1987-),男,博士,工程师,研究方向为石油化工和新能源,zhangx@cptdc.cnpc.com.cn