以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂，通过乳液聚合法合成了单分散聚苯乙烯（PS）微球。以PS微球为种子，在弱酸性溶液及不同温度下水解正硅酸乙酯（TEOS），一步合成了具有PS和SiO₂复合壳层的空心微球。研究了溶液pH及反应温度对微球空心度的影响，结果表明，能否得到空心微球受制于不同pH及温度下TEOS水解、缩聚速率以及所生成的纳米SiO₂对PS微球的包覆程度，溶液pH为3.0左右时，室温下反应就可以得到空心微球；pH升高至4.0~5.0时，反应温度达到40℃以上才可以得到空心微球；pH达到6.0时即使升温至50℃以上也无法得到空心微球。通过实验证实了空心SiO₂微球镀层不仅对玻璃具有增透效果，还可以使玻璃表面呈现出超亲水性。

Monodispersed polystyrene (PS) microspheres are synthesized by means of emulsion polymerization method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizer.Taking PS microspheres as seeds,hollow PS/SiO₂ microspheres are synthesized in one step through hydrolyzing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in weak acidic solution at different temperatures.Specific focus is given on the influences of pH value and reaction temperature on the hollowness of microspheres.It is indicated whether hollow microspheres can be generated is controlled by hydrolysis and condensation rates of TEOS at different pH values,different temperatures as well as the coating degree of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of PS microspheres.That is,hollow microspheres can be obtained at room temperature when the pH of solution is about 3.0.As the pH value increases to 4.0-5.0,hollow microspheres can be generated when reaction temperature is above 40℃.And when pH value reaches 6.0,hollow microspheres cannot be obtained even the temperature exceeds 50℃.It is verified by experiments that hollow microspheres coating exhibits anti-reflection effect to glass and makes the surface of glass show superhydrophilicity.