以邻氯苯腈（OCBN）和氟化钾为原料、N，N-二甲基丙烯基脲（DMPU）为溶剂、四苯基溴化膦为相转移催化剂，在微波反应器中通过卤素交换氟化合成邻氟苯腈（OFBN）。考察了加热方式、溶剂及其用量、催化剂、物料摩尔比、温度和时间等对氟化反应的影响，得到的最佳工艺条件为：n（邻氯苯腈）：n（KF）=1：3、溶剂V（DMPU）=20 mL、微波功率P=300 W、反应温度为210℃、反应时间为4 h，此时邻氯苯腈转化率达85.8%，邻氟苯腈收率达71.5%。与常规加热相比，微波辐射可以加快卤素交换氟化反应速率，提高产品收率。

o-Fluorobenzonitrile (OFBN) is prepared through halogen exchange fluorination in a microwave reactor,using o-chlorobenzonitrile (OCBN) and KF as raw materials,N,N-dimethylpropenylurea (DMPU) as solvent and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst.The Influencing factors on fluorination are investigated,including heating method,solvent types,solvent dosage,catalyst,materials ratio,temperature and time.The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows:n(o-chlorobenzonitrile):n(KF)=1:3,solvent V(DMPU)=20 mL,microwave power P=300 W,temperature at 210℃,and reaction time for 4 h.Under the optimal conditions,the conversion of o-chlorobenzonitrile reaches 85.8%,and the yield of o-fluorobenzonitrile reaches 71.5%.Compared with conventional heating method,microwave irradiation can accelerate the reaction speed of halogen exchange fluorination and improve the yield of product.