介绍了各类氢气制取技术及当前的应用现状，包括以天然气为主的传统化石燃料制氢和以核能、可再生能源为主的新型制氢技术，并综合考虑制氢技术的CO₂排放量、制氢效率及经济成本，阐述了各类制氢技术的优势及现存问题。最后指出利用核能的热化学循环制氢符合可持续发展要求，有望替代传统制氢成为工业大规模制氢的主流技术；基于风电和光伏发电的可再生能源制氢技术具有清洁环保、零碳排放的优势，未来将会成为小规模制氢的重要补充。

Various hydrogen production technologies and their current applications are introduced,including traditional hydrogen production from fossil fuels based on natural gas,and new hydrogen production technologies based on nuclear energy and renewable energy.Considering CO₂ emission,hydrogen production efficiency and economic cost of hydrogen production technology,the advantages and existing problems of various hydrogen production technologies are described.It is concluded that the thermochemical hydrogen production technologe using nuclear energy meets the requirements of sustainable development and is expected to replace traditional hydrogen production routes as the mainstream technology for large-scale industrial hydrogen production;the renewable energy-route hydrogen production technologies based on wind power and photovoltaic power generation have the advantages of clean,environmental friendliness and zero carbon emission,and will become an important supplement for small-scale hydrogen production in the future.

王涵(1996-),男,硕士生