简要介绍了电化学储能的原理及特点，着重分析了目前发展较为成熟的电化学储能技术，如铅酸电池、锂离子电池、钠硫电池、全钒液流电池技术的研究进展及应用现状，并对目前处于前沿研究的先进的大规模电化学储能技术，如钠离子电池、钾离子电池、锂硫电池、铝离子电池、固态电池及新型液流电池研究现状进行了研究。最后对未来大规模低成本电化学储能技术发展趋势进行了展望。

This paper introduces briefly the theory and characteristics of electrochemical energy storage,analyzes emphatically R&D progress and application status of mature electrochemical energy storage technologies,such as lead-acid battery,lithium ion battery,sodium sulfur battery and vanadium flow batteries.It also provides a deep dive into the current research at the forefront of advanced large-scale electrochemical energy storage technologies,such as sodium ion battery,potassium ion battery,lithium sulfur battery,aluminum ion battery,solid-state battery,and new model liquid flow battery.Finally,this paper gives an outlook for future development trends of large-scale and low-cost electrochemical energy storage technologies.

汪惟源(1975-),男,博士,高级工程师,从事电网规划研究及电力能源存储等研究工作,wy-wangs@126.com