综述了贵金属、非贵金属和无金属负载催化剂3种由水和氮气直接电化学合成氨催化剂的研究进展，催化剂在电催化氮还原合成氨的过程中占据举足轻重的地位。贵金属催化剂可以高效地催化合成氨，但是其含量少、成本高；非贵金属催化剂存在广泛但是活性不高，有待继续提升；无金属负载催化剂表现出优越的稳定性，但是由于炭基材料本身的化学惰性导致此催化剂的活性不高。在此基础上，对今后电化学合成氨催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。

This paper summarizes the research progress in the applications of noble metal catalysts,non-noble metal catalysts and metal-free supported catalysts in catalyzing electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from water and N₂.The catalyst occupies a pivotal position in the electrocatalytic synthesis process of ammonia through reduction of nitrogen.Noble metal catalysts can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of ammonia,but their content is small but the cost is high;non-noble metal catalysts are widely available but their activity is not high and needs to be improved;metal-free supported catalysts show superior stability,but their activity is low due to the chemical inertness of carbon-based materials.The development trends of the catalysts for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia are also prospected.

于忠军(1994-),男,硕士,研究方向为清洁能源,1418369365@qq.com