从茄尼醇的浸提、分离提纯入手，简述了从废次烟草中分离得到茄尼醇的烟草预处理、提取方法、皂化过程以及分离提纯方法。分析表明，对烟草进行预处理有利于后续的分离提纯，使用氨浸预处理还可以起到皂化效果，提高提取率。超声波提取、微波辅助提取以及超临界CO₂提取等方法与传统的溶剂浸提法相比，提取率高，且大大缩短了提取时间。动态皂化法减少了皂化时间，避免茄尼醇长时间处于碱性环境中，效果优于传统皂化法。使用聚合物共沉淀技术分离得到的茄尼醇能够达到合成辅酶Q₁₀的要求，具有生产投资小、易于操作等优点。合成具有更好吸附效果的分子印迹聚合物是提纯茄尼醇的未来研究方向。

Starting with the extraction and purification of solanesol,the pretreatment of tobacco,and the extraction method,saponification process and purification method for solanesol are briefly reviewed.The analysis shows that the pretreatment of tobacco is beneficial to subsequent separation and purification,and ammonia leaching pretreatment can also have saponification effect and improve extraction rate.Compared with traditional solvent extraction method,the ultrasonic extraction,microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction methods all exhibit a higher extraction rate and much shorter extraction time.Dynamic saponification is more effective than traditional saponification.More importantly,it reduces saponification time to prevent solanesol from being exposed to alkaline environment for a long time.Solanesol separated by the polymer co-precipitation technology can meet the requirements of synthesizing coenzyme Q10,showing the advantages of small investment and easy operation.Nowadays,the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers with better adsorption effect is an important research direction.

赵国杰(1993-),男,硕士生,研究方向为化工过程强化与优化,1603846991@qq.com