为制备力学性能较好的聚丙烯腈（PAN）中空碳纳米纤维，首先通过正交试验研究了PAN聚合参数对聚合反应的影响，然后选取适宜于纺丝的PAN进行同轴静电纺丝、预氧化、碳化，对得到的中空碳纳米纤维进行表征。结果表明，引发剂用量（A）对PAN相对黏均分子质量的影响最大；第二单体衣康酸浓度（B）对PAN环化放热的影响最大；第三单体丙烯酸甲酯浓度（C）对PAN聚合收率的影响最大。SEM分析结果表明，PAN中空碳纳米纤维横截面具有明显的中空结构，纤维表面较为致密。BET测试结果表明，PAN中空碳纳米纤维的孔容为0.069 69 cm³/g，比表面积为55.719 m²/g。

To prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based hollow carbon nanofibers with good mechanical properties through coaxial electrospinning,the orthogonal experiment is at first used to optimize the polymerization of PAN.Then,PAN suitable for spinning is selected to perform coaxial electrospinning,pre-oxidization and carbonization.Finally,the obtained PAN-based hollow carbon nanofibers are characterized.The experimental results show that the initiator dosage has the biggest impact on the relative viscosity-average molecular weight of PAN,the content of itaconic acid,the second co-monomer,has the greatest influence on cyclization heat release,and the content of methyl acrylate,the third co-monomer,has the largest effect on the yield of PAN polymerization.SEM analysis reveals that the cross section of the prepared PAN-based hollow carbon nanofibers shows obvious hollow structure and compact surface.BET test shows that the pore volume of the nanofibers is 0.069 69 cm³·g^-1,and total specific surface area is 55.719 m²·g^-1.