按照阳极反应物燃料和反应机理不同，将燃料电池分为碳型燃料电池、氢型燃料电池、氮型燃料电池及有机物型燃料电池等几类，并结合近几年燃料电池方面的研究成果，分别介绍了这几种不同燃料电池的燃料种类、催化剂材料、极板设计及性能参数等方面的研究现状及进展，最后对燃料电池的未来进行了展望，指出以氢气为燃料的氢型燃料电池可形成高功率输出，且产物为水，绿色环保，而以酶或微生物为催化剂的有机物型燃料电池不仅可产生电能，同时可降解废水中有机物，改善水质。

Fuel cell can be classified into carbon-type,hydrogen-type,nitrogen-type and organic-type according to the feature of fuel and reaction mechanism.Combining with the research advances in fuel cell in recent years,the research status and progress of fuel cell from fuel feature,catalyst material,electrode design and properties are introduced.Finally,the development prospects of fuel cell are also discussed.It is pointed out that the hydrogen fuel cell which uses hydrogen as fuels can generate a high power output and has environmental friendliness because the product is mainly water.The organic-type fuel cell which uses enzyme or microbial as a catalyst can generate electricity abd degrade the organic matters in waste water.