采用水洗法回收孙家壕（SJH）高铝煤焦Na₂CO₃催化气化灰渣中的钠催化剂，结合ICP和XRD表征方法，研究了高铝煤焦气化催化剂的失活规律和回收特性。在高铝煤焦催化气化过程中，Na₂CO₃与煤中矿物质发生反应生成NaAlSiO₄是造成Na₂CO₃催化剂失活的原因。以水为溶剂回收不同Na₂CO₃负载量的煤焦气化灰渣中的钠催化剂时，钠催化剂的回收率随着Na₂CO₃负载量的增大而增大。当用盐酸回收时，钠催化剂的回收率显著增加，表明相当一部分钠生成不溶于水但可溶于盐酸的NaAlSiO₄。钠催化剂的最大失活量相当于9% Na₂CO₃负载量。

The deactivation mechanism and recovery characteristics of gasification catalyst are investigated through the recovery of sodium-based catalyst from Na₂CO₃-catalyzed gasification residues of Sunjiahao (SJH) high-aluminum coal char with water leaching method combined with ICP and XRD characterization.Na₂CO₃ reacts with the minerals in coal char to form NaAlSiO₄ during the catalytic gasification process of high-aluminum coal char,leading to the deactivation of Na₂CO₃ catalyst.The recovery rate of sodium-based catalyst increases with the increment of Na₂CO₃ loading amount in gasification process when water is used as recovery solvent to recover sodium-based catalyst from ash residues generated in the catalytic gasification of SJH char with different Na₂CO₃ loading amount.The recovery rate is remarkably higher when diluted hydrochloric acid is used as extraction agent,suggesting that substantial sodium forms NaAlSiO₄ that is water insoluble but soluble in hydrochloric acid.Moreover,the deactivation amount of sodium catalyst reaches saturation level when the catalyst loading amount is 9% on the basis of the dry char mass.