铅酸蓄电池报废后的破碎过程因破碎设备与电池活性物质的接触会导致铅膏中杂质的引入。分析了废铅膏中Cu、Zn杂质在柠檬酸钠-乙酸湿法浸出回收体系的热力学行为，为实现杂质分离提供理论基础。以Medusa热力学分析软件进行优势组份相图和Fraction组份分布图的绘制。结果表明，在电位大于零、pH小于2.6时，Cu主要以Cu²⁺为稳定存在物相；当pH为2.6~3.8时，Cu主要以Cu₂（cit）₂^2-为稳定存在物相；随pH继续增加，主要以Cu₂（cit）₂OH^3-形式稳定存在。在pH小于2.2时，Zn主要以Zn²⁺形式稳定存在；当pH为2.2~4.1时，主要以Zn （Hcit）的形式稳定存在。该研究可为分析铅膏中杂质与铅的分布与迁移规律提供理论支撑。

The separation of impurity components during the process of recovering electronic waste by wet leaching method is a difficult issue and hot topic.After lead-acid battery is scrapped,the impurity components will enter spent lead paste due to the contact between the crushing equipment and the active substances of spent battery.This paper analyzes the thermodynamic mechanism of Cu and Zn impurities in the sodium citrate-acetic acid wet leaching recovery system,which will provide a theoretical basis for impurity component separation.The Medusa thermodynamic analysis software is applied to draw the dominant components phase diagram and Fraction components distribution diagram.It is shown that Cu²⁺ is predominant when pH is less than 2.6 and the potential exceeds zero.Cu₂(cit)₂^2- becomes the predominant phase when pH locates between 2.6 and 3.8.Cu₂(cit)₂OH^3- may be predominant phase with increasing pH.Zn²⁺ is the predominant phase for pH less than 2.2.Zn(Hcit) is the main predominant phase when pH is between 2.2 and 4.1.This study can provide theoretical support for analyzing the distribution and migration of lead and impurity components in spent lead paste.

张伟(1988-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事电子废弃物清洁回收及土壤修复的研究,zhangwei88@zzu.edu.cn