为节约水资源、提高尿素利用率，以腐植酸钾、硅藻土、丙烯酸、尿素为原料，采用水溶液聚合法合成了腐植酸钾-尿素型吸水缓释材料。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料进行表征。探究了其最佳合成条件，考察了其对自来水的吸收倍率及氮素释放率。结果表明，最佳合成条件为丙烯酸质量为10 g、腐植酸钾质量为2.0 g、交联剂质量为0.03 g、引发剂质量为0.22 g、硅藻土质量为1.0 g、反应温度为80℃、尿素质量为2.0 g、丙烯酸中和度为65%，在此条件下其对自来水的吸收倍率达395倍，氮素24 h的缓释率为6.04%。

In order to save water resources and improve the utilization rate of urea,potassium humate-urea type water absorption/slow release material is synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization by using potassium humate,diatomite,acrylic acid and urea as raw materials.The material is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The best synthesis conditions are investigated,and both its absorption rate to tap water and release rate to nitrogen are investigated.The optimum conditions are found as follows:the dosages of acrylic acid,potassium humate,crosslinking agent,initiator,diatomite and urea is 10 g,2.0 g,0.03 g,0.22 g,1.0 g and 2.0 g,respectively,the reaction temperature is set at 80℃,and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is 65%.Under best conditions,its absorption rate to tap water is 395 times,and slow release rate to nitrogen for 24 hours is 6.04%.

牛育华(1962-),女,硕士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为腐植酸肥料及腐植酸保水材料,niuyh@sust.edu.cn