导电硅橡胶作为敏感材料具有良好的柔韧性和电阻变形特性。以聚二甲基硅氧烷橡胶为基材，通过加入导电材料纳米炭黑、碳纤维，制备了炭黑/PDMS、碳纤维/PDMS复合柔性导电材料，研究了材料的微观形态、渗流过程特性和拉伸-电阻率变化响应特性，以及材料微观结构变化与电阻特性的构效关系。结果表明，复合材料的渗流阈值为4%、用量超过12%后，复合材料的体积电阻率变化减小。复合材料的质量分数为12%时，炭黑/PDMS体积电阻为10^-0.55 Ω·m，碳纤维/PDMS体积电阻率为10^0.82 Ω·m。炭黑/PDMS复合材料对拉伸形变具有优良的响应特性，体积电阻变化率对伸长率的响应灵敏度可达266.7。碳纤维/PDMS复合材料的灵敏度低于炭黑/PDMS灵敏度，材料对拉伸形变均有十分迅速的响应速度，且性能稳定。炭黑/PDMD材料响应值Δρ/ρ约为碳纤维/PDMD材料的4倍，是良好的传感器材料。

Carbon black/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon fiber/PDMS composite flexible conductive materials are prepared through adding conductive nano carbon black and carbon fiber respectively into PDMS rubber substrate material.Studies are performed on the micro-morphology, seepage process characteristics and tensile-resistivity response characteristics of the prepared materials, and the relationship between the changes in micro-morphology of materials and resistivity characteristics.The results show that the threshold values of seepage for both composites are 4% and the change in volume resistivity of the composites decreases when the dosage of conductive fillers exceeds 12%.As the content of conductive fillers is 12%, the volume resistances of carbon black/PDMS and carbon fiber/PDMS are around 10^-0.55 Ω·m and 10^0.82 Ω·m, respectively.Carbon black/PDMS composites have excellent response characteristics to tensile stress, with a response sensitivity of volume resistance changing rate to elongation being 266.7.The sensitivity of carbon fiber/PDMS composites is lower than that of carbon black/PDMS.Both carbon black/PDMS and carbon fiber/PDMS display a rapid response to tensile deformation and stable performance.The response value Δρ/ρ of carbon black/PDMS material is 4 times of carbon fiber/PDMD material, which is promising for its application as sensor material.

王兰心(1997-),女,本科生,研究方向为高分子材料,913033889@qq.com。