在低温环境下输送含蜡原油时，原油中的蜡晶逐渐析出并沉积在管壁上，导致管道输送能力下降。从大庆油田油污土壤中筛选出一株嗜蜡菌，对其优化培养后，利用该菌株对大庆含蜡原油进行除蜡降黏实验，考察其对原油黏度、含蜡质量分数、粒径等参数的影响。实验结果表明，经菌株作用5 d后，原油黏度降低13.8%，除蜡率达到37.9%，通过聚焦光束反射仪（FBRM）观察菌株处理前后原油的粒径变化发现，含蜡原油大粒径质量分数下降，小粒径质量分数增加。因此，分离菌株对大庆含蜡原油具有一定的除蜡降黏作用，提高了原油流动性能，可降低含蜡原油管输费用，具有较大的应用价值。

When waxy crude oil is transported in a cold environment, wax crystals in crude oil precipitates gradually and deposits on the pipe wall, resulting in a decrease in the transportation capacity of pipeline.A strain of wax-degrading bacteria is screened from oil contaminated soil of Daqing Oilfield and is cultured through optimization, and then is used to perform the wax removal and viscosity reduction experiments to Daqing waxy crude oil.Its effects on viscosity, wax content and particle size of crude oil are analyzed.The experimental results show that the viscosity of crude oil decreases 13.8% and the wax removal rate reaches 37.9% after 5 days action by this bacterium.Focused beam reflecting meter (FBRM) is used to observe the particle size changes of crude oil before and after treatment by bacteria.It is found that the mass fraction of large particle size crude oil drops while that of small size increases, representing that this bacterium strain has a certain ability to remove wax and reduce viscosity to Daqing waxy crude oil and can improve the flow performance of crude oil.It can help to cut down the pipeline transportation cost of waxy crude and has great application value.

罗超(1994-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事油气储运方面的研究,1029303486@qq.com。