以稻壳为硅源，通过镁热还原法制备得到硅粉。以制备的硅粉为基础，通过分散、煅烧的方法制备了锂离子电池硅/石墨、硅/无定形碳、硅/石墨/无定形碳、硅/石墨/碳纳米管/无定形碳负极材料，并评价其电化学性能。实验制备的硅/石墨/碳纳米管/无定形碳负极材料具有较优异的电化学性能。该材料硅质量分数为20%时[m（石墨）：m（无定形碳）=1：1，碳纳米管质量分数为1%]，R_ct值为109Ω，在200 mA/g电流密度下首次放电比容量为785.5 mAh/g，充放电20次后比容量为645.4 mAh/g，其容量保持率为83.65%。

Silica fume is prepared through magnesium thermal reduction by using rice husk as silicon source.On the basis of the prepared silicon fume,the lithium ion battery anode materials based on silicon/graphite,silicon/amorphous carbon,silicon/graphite/amorphous carbon and silicon/graphite/carbon nanotubes/amorphous carbon respectively are prepared by the methods of dispersion,doping,calcinations.The electrochemical performances of prepared samples are evaluated.It is found that silicon/graphite/carbon nanotubes/amorphous carbon anode material has better electrochemical performance.The R_ct of the anode material in which silicon content is 20% (m_graphite:m_{amorphous carbon}=1:1 and the mass content of carbon nanotubes is 1%) is 109Ω.This material has an initial discharge specific capacity of 785.5 mAh·g^-1 under the current density of 200 mA·g^-1.Its discharge specific capacity is 645.4 mAh·g^-1 after 20 times of charge and discharge,representing a capacity retention rate of 83.65%.

郑典模(1953-),男,本科,教授,主要从事纳米、超细、功能材料的制备应用等方面的研究,zhengdianmo@126.com