以秸秆为原料，采用一步溶剂热法制备秸秆炭基固体酸，考察了制备条件对其表面酸浓度的影响，并通过N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、FT-IR、SEM、EDS、TGA和DCS等手段对秸秆炭基固体酸进行了表征。结果表明，当2.0 g秸秆与60 mL浓硫酸在温度为200℃条件下反应12 h，所得的秸秆炭基固体酸表面酸浓度达1.01 mmol/g，比表面积和总孔容分别为1 567.4 m²/g和0.75 cm³/g。秸秆炭基固体酸为经过不完全炭化和磺化过程生成的磺酸基负载型芳香族炭结构化合物，在260℃以下具有良好的热稳定性。

Straw charcoal-based solid acid is synthesized via one-step solvothermal method using wheat stalk as raw materials.The effects of preparation conditions on the surface acid concentration of solid acid are investigated.The straw charcoal-based solid acid is characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption,XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDS,TGA and DSC.The surface acid concentration of straw charcoal-based solid acid reaches 1.01 mmol·g^-1 and the BET specific surface area and total pore volume are 1 567.4 m²·g^-1 and 0.75 cm³·g^-1 respectively when 2.0 g of wheat stalk has reacted with 60 mL of H₂SO₄ at 200℃ for 12 h.It is speculated that the as-prepared solid acid is a sulfo group loaded aromatic carbon structure compound formed through incomplete carbonization and sulfonation.Moreover,the straw charcoal-based solid acid has considerable heat stability below 260℃.