采用酸浸法从破碎的废细电线中浸出铜，考察了初始酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间、固液比和浸出助剂对浸出率的影响。结果表明，在硝酸浓度为3.5 mol/L、过氧化氢质量分数为30%、固液比为1∶6、温度为35℃、时间为2 h条件下，铜浸出率为73.1%。再以浸出溶液为原料，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂，葡萄糖和二氧化硫脲为还原剂，采用液相还原法制备微细铜粉，考察了二氧化硫脲和铜离子浓度比、反应温度和反应时间对铜粉粒度的影响，利用激光纳米粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和红外可见分光光度计对铜粉进行表征。结果表明，二氧化硫脲与铜离子浓度比为2∶1、反应时间为15 min、反应温度为75℃的条件下，可以制得分散性较好、粒径约为200~500 nm的微细铜粉。

The acid leaching method is used to leach copper from waste fine wires. The effects of initial acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, solid-liquid ratio and the mass fraction of leaching agent on the leaching efficiency are examined. The results indicate that the leaching rate of copper reaches 73.1% under the optimum conditions such as the initial concentration of nitric acid being 3.5 mol·L^-1, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide 30%, the solid-liquid ratio 1:6, the leaching temperature at 35℃ and the leaching time for 2 h. Furthermore, fine copper powder is prepared through liquid phase reduction method using the leaching copper nitrate solution as raw material, polyvinylpyrrolidone as dispersant, and glucose and thiourea dioxide as reductive agents. The influences of the concentration ratio of thiourea dioxide to copper ion, reaction temperature and reaction time on the particle size distribution and shape of fine copper powder are examined. Laser nanometer particle sizer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and infrared visible spectrophotometer are used to describe the properties of copper powder. The results show that the fine copper powder with a good dispersivity and particle size between 200 nm and 500 nm can be obtained under the conditions that the concentration ratio of thiourea dioxide to copper ion is 2:1, reaction temperature is 75℃ and reaction time is 15 min.

王新雨(1993-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水处理工程与技术,2239228514@qq.com。