为了考察Ni（OH）₂颗粒粒径与形貌对镍电极性能的影响，利用超声波沉淀法制备出了粒径小且分布均匀的球形氢氧化镍，研究了反应体系中超声波强度对氢氧化镍颗粒形貌的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、粒度分析、循环伏安特性曲线、倍率充放电技术对制备的氢氧化镍材料进行表征与测试。结果表明，超声波强度对氢氧化镍颗粒形貌有显著影响，实验确定适宜的超声波强度在216 W左右；粒度分析显示制备的球形氢氧化镍颗粒粒度在10 μm左右。XRD测试证明制备的氢氧化镍为β-Ni（OH）₂；循环伏安特性曲线和倍率充放电测试发现，该材料具有良好的循环保持率，在0.4 C充电3 h，静置3 min，1 C放电至1.2 V的测试条件下循环30次后循环保持率为89%，最大放电比容量达260 mAh/g。

In order to obtain the effects of particle size and morphology of Ni(OH)₂ on the performance of nickel electrode,spherical Ni(OH)₂ with small and uniformly distributing particle size is prepared by ultrasonic precipitation method.The effect of ultrasonic intensity on the morphology of nickel hydroxide particles is studied.The prepared nickel hydroxide materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),particle size analysis,cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rate-charge and discharge techniques.The results show that the ultrasonic intensity has a significant effect on the morphology of Ni(OH)₂ particles,and the optimum ultrasonic intensity confirmed by test is about 216 W.The size of prepared spherical nickel hydroxide particles is about 10 μm,characterizing by particle size analysis.XRD test shows that the prepared nickel hydroxide is β-Ni(OH)₂.The CV and rate-charge and discharge test show that this material has good cycle retention.Under the condition of 0.4 C charging for 3 h,staying 3 min,and 1 C discharging to 1.2 V,it has a retention rate of 89% after cycling 30 times and its maximum discharge specific capacity reaches 260 mAh·g^-1.

吕祥(1991-),男,硕士生,主要从事锌镍电池正极材料方面的研究,LvXmail@163.com