废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料回收的研究进展
Research progress on recycling of cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
对磷酸铁锂电池正极材料回收方法的研究进展进行梳理,系统总结了湿法冶金、火法冶金、深共晶溶剂(deep eutectic solvents,DES)、直接再生法、电化学法以及机械化学法的优势及缺陷。分析表明,湿法虽然回收效率高技术成熟,但废液处理成本高且对环境造成污染;DES和直接再生法因绿色高效的工艺增强了经济可行性;机械化学法虽可在温和条件下实现高效提取,但反应周期长以及研磨污染限制了规模化应用。经济分析表明,绿色浸出工艺和高效复合联用技术以及利用人工智能实现人机协作的自动化模式是锂电池回收领域未来的可持续发展方向。
This paper reviews recent advances in recycling technologies for LiFePO4 cathode materials.The advantages and limitations of hydrometallurgical,pyrometallurgical,deep eutectic solvent (DES),direct regeneration,electrochemical,and mechanochemical methods are systematically summarized.The results indicate that although hydrometallurgical processes are technologically mature and offer high recovery efficiencies,they suffer from high wastewater treatment costs and environmental burdens.In contrast,DES-based approaches and direct regeneration methods enhance economic feasibility owing to their green and efficient processes.Mechanochemical methods can achieve efficient extraction under mild conditions;however,their large-scale application is limited by long reaction cycles and contamination associated with the grinding process.Finally,economic analysis suggests that green leaching processes,highly efficient hybrid technologies,and automated human-machine collaborative modes enabled by artificial intelligence represent promising directions for the sustainable development of lithium-ion battery recycling.
湿法回收 / 火法回收 / 废旧磷酸铁锂电池 / 深共晶溶剂 / 直接再生
hydrometallurgical recovery / pyrometallurgical recovery / spent LiFePO4 / deep eutectic solvents / direct regeneration
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辽宁省科技计划联合计划(自然科学基金-面上项目)(2024-MSLH-345)
沈阳工业大学高校基本科研项目(LJ212410142136)
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