1 Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
2 Key Laboratory of Plateau and Mountainous Geological Hazard Forecasting, Early Warning and Ecological Protection and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming 650228, China
To efficiently remove ammonia nitrogen from plateau lake water,NiFe-LDH@Biochar (NFB) magnetic composite particles were successfully prepared via a one-step hydrothermal method and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to construct an advanced oxidation system for the deep removal of ammonia nitrogen.Under visible light irradiation,for an ammonia nitrogen solution with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L,the maximum removal efficiency reached 98.2% within 60 min under optimal conditions,conforming to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model.In addition,the NFB exhibited excellent stability,with a removal efficiency of 82.1% maintained after five cycles.Mechanism studies revealed that ammonia nitrogen oxidation mainly occurred through electron transfer and the ·O2- pathway,and 96.3% of the ammonia nitrogen was selectively converted into harmless N2,effectively avoiding the accumulation of nitrite by-products.This study provides a novel technology for the efficient removal of NH4+-N from water.
高级氧化工艺(AOP),包括芬顿类反应[20]、光催化氧化[21]、臭氧类氧化[22]和基于过硫酸盐的氧化[23]等。AOP对于芳烃、有机酸、农药、燃料、抗生素、氨氮等的降解起着主要作用[24-25]。Medri等[14]使用1%的Ag2O/TiO2对水溶液中的NH4+-N进行光催化氧化,在8 h反应后, NH4+-N的转化率达到了83.5%。Liu等[8]采用由紫外激活过的过硫酸盐(PS)与氧化钙(CaO)结合的工艺将NH4+-N氧化为N2,30 min N2选择性达到95%。尽管上述处理氨氮的方法已经较为高效,但其处理材料不具有循环利用性且对环境要求苛刻。因此,开发一种绿色环保、高效便捷、可重复利用的新材料在处理氨氮的工艺中显得尤为重要。
制备NiFe-LDH:(1)称取9 g FeCl3·6H2O、15.85 g NiCl2·6H2O、4 g NaOH、2.12 g Na2CO3分别溶于100 mL去离子水中,搅拌1 h。将FeCl3·6H2O、NiCl2·6H2O定容配制成总金属离子浓度为 1 mol/L的液体混合体系A;NaOH、Na2CO3的液体混合体系为B;(2)配制体积分数33%的CON2H4溶液,将A、B在N2的保护下同时以3 mL/min的速率加入反应容器中;(3)将反应溶液转移至160℃反应釜中密封加热14 h,静置冷却后将反应后的产物用去离子水和乙醇交替离心洗涤3次,干燥后制得NiFe-LDH。采用一步水热合成法制备NiFe-LDH@BC。
1.3 去除水中NH4+-N实验
NFB去除NH4+-N实验均在25℃的250 mL玻璃烧杯中进行。反应容器中加入200 mL 0.05 g/L NH4+-N溶液作为模拟污染物。通过筛选最佳复合比材料、最佳投加量、调节溶液pH以得到最佳实验条件。此外,考虑到实际水体的复杂情况,设置不同NH4+-N初始浓度、常见阴阳离子(K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-、PO43-)、光照条件(黑暗、自然光照)及洱海周边自然水体样品4份(湖泊、湿地、农田、人工围塘)。
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