钾长石-盐酸-氟化钙体系酸浸提钾研究
Study on acid leaching of potassium extraction from potassium feldspar-hydrochloric acid-calcium fluoride system
中国可溶性钾资源储量有限,但难溶性钾资源储量丰富,开发高效提钾技术对保障可溶性钾资源供给至关重要。探究了钾长石-HCl-CaF2体系的酸浸过程,通过单因素和响应面优化实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间、盐酸浓度及CaF2质量对钾浸取率的影响。结果表明,各因素对钾浸取率的影响顺序为盐酸浓度>反应温度>反应时间>CaF2质量;最优工艺条件为盐酸浓度4 mol/L、反应温度210.4℃、反应时间178 min、钾长石与氟化钙的质量比为1∶0.699。最优工艺条件下,钾的浸取率为73.51%,与预测值71.07%相近。对反应产物进行了晶型、微观形貌、表面官能团的分析;结果表明HF通过破坏钾长石的Si—O—Al骨架结构释放钾离子,盐酸的氢离子质子化作用可加速这一过程。
The reserve of soluble potassium resources is limited in China,but that of the insoluble is abundant.In this paper,the acid leaching process of potassium feldspar-HCl-CaF2 system was investigated.The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,hydrochloric acid concentration and CaF2 mass on the leaching rate of potassium were investigated by single factor and response surface optimization experiments.The results show that the order of influence of various factors on potassium leaching rate was:hydrochloric acid concentration>reaction temperature>reaction time>CaF2 mass.The optimal process conditions are hydrochloric acid concentration of 4 mol/L,reaction temperature of 210.4℃,reaction time of 178 min and the mass of potassium feldspar to calcium fluoride is 1∶0.699,under which the leaching rate of potassium was 73.51%,which is similar to the predicted value of 71.07%.The crystal structure,microstructure,and surface functional groups of the reaction products were analyzed.The results show that HF releases potassium ions by destroying the Si-O-Al skeleton structure of potassium feldspar,and the protonation of hydrochloric acid can accelerate this process.
钾长石 / 单因素实验 / 响应面分析 / 浸取 / 化学反应 / 活化
potassium feldspar / single-factor test / response surface analysis / leaching / chemical reaction / activation
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国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200606)
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