油脂加氢脱氧催化剂研究进展
Research advances in hydrodeoxygenation catalysts of lipid
综述了油脂HDO的反应机理与催化剂体系,明确脱羧(DCO2)、脱羰(DCO)和直接HDO为主要脱氧路径,后者碳原子经济性更优。催化剂体系中,贵金属催化剂加氢活性高但成本高,且多倾向DCO/DCO2路径;过渡金属催化剂成本低,经负载优化、双金属协同等设计可实现高的转化率与选择性,碳化物、磷化物和氮化物等过渡金属催化剂还能有效规避硫化物催化剂的硫流失问题。最后指出未来需开发低成本非贵金属催化剂、深化机理研究并拓展实际应用,助力能源转型。
This review summarizes the reaction mechanisms and catalyst systems of lipid hydrodeoxygenation (HDO),identifying decarboxylation (DCO2),decarbonylation (DCO),and direct HDO as the primary deoxygenation pathways,with the latter exhibiting superior carbon atom economy.In catalyst systems,noble metal catalysts exhibit high hydrogenation activity but are constrained by high cost and a propensity to favor DCO/DCO2 pathways;transition metal catalysts are cost-effective and can achieve high conversion efficiency and product selectivity via structural optimizations,such as support modification and bimetallic synergy.Additionally,transition metal carbides,phosphides,and nitrides effectively mitigate the sulfur loss issue associated with sulfide catalysts.Finally,this review outlines key future research directions:the development of low-cost non-noble metal catalysts,in-depth investigation of reaction mechanisms,and expansion of practical applications—all aimed at facilitating the global energy transition.
lipid / hydrodeoxygenation / catalysts
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